American International Group (AIG) Research Paper

American International Group (AIG) - Research Paper Example This article examines that the CEO Greenberg guaranteed that he connected with everybody remembering the various presidents for power and henceforth fabricated himself a stronghold of help and manufactured himself and AIG insusceptibility from questions and outside evaluating which would have found the misrepresentation and unlawful business bargains that were occurring in the organization and which prompted the gigantic extension of the organization and its definitive destruction. The remainder of the officials offered their full help of the illicit Credit Default Swap (CDS) venture which despite the fact that it got a great deal of cash than some other division in the firm, its exercises and morals were flawed. The administrators even forestalled outer review firms from coming to review them as they didn't need their excellent misrepresentation and illicit plan to be found by pariahs despite the fact that that in the end occurred. In the event that lone the firm had a hierarchical culture that required outside reviewing, at that point they would not have started the program in any case consequently sparing themselves humiliation and government the bailout cash. A more grounded morals program would have kept Greenberg from asking for help to keep the firm from being examined and the revealing of reality. The corporate officials were unscrupulous and held business bargains that were not illicit but rather dishonest. They additionally endangered the lives of a huge number of Americans through the exploitative arrangement with CDS the same number of individuals whose cash was lost somehow would have endured. Their dishonest lead additionally out in danger the occupations of every one of their representatives some of whom even had no clue about what actually that money related office that managed CDS was about or that it even existed and consequently were trapped in the impromptu at the disclosure of reality. On the off chance that the officials were moral and leg it in the organization, the bailout would not have been important. A more grounded morals program would have forestalled even the unlawful office authorities to do these illicit arrangements. The corporate administrators ought to be the ones to set an ideal guide to their workers and not help in turning them lawbreakers in the event that they had set up a more grounded morals culture inside the association. 3. What could AIG have done any other way to forestall its disappointment and resulting bailout? AIG ought to never have set up that office and the CDS monetary dealings in any case. This would have forestalled the entire emergency as it might have been. Much after its creation, they would have permitted outer reviewers or even outside examination to be done which would have uncovered the issue as ahead of schedule as conceivable thus keeping the administration from spending over $180 billion rescuing it and keeping it from being completely bankrupt consequently forestalling diff erent organizations and people in America from the effectively awful financial downturn of 2008. The representatives who knew about the arrangement ought to have would avoid an untrustworthy arrangement and even stepped up to the plate and report the firm to protections and trade if the corporate culture had shown them how to be moral. 4. Give your contemplations/sentiment about the significance of Corporate Culture in the Business world? Corporate culture gives direction to all the representatives in an association beginning from the top officials to the out and out base worker in the hierarchy of leadership (Flamholtz and Yvonne 3). This in this manner guarantees that no deceptive conduct goes unreported to the fundamental specialists subsequently forestalling a humiliating circumstance later on. A business has numerous partners and a decent corporate culture assists with characterizing the jobs of every one of these partners

Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness

Scholastic Achievement and Physical Fitness Presentation Increased degrees of stoutness and unforeseen weakness guidelines among understudies over the United States (US) has carried a great deal of center to understudy wellbeing and all the more in this way, the impacts of terrible wellbeing on scholastic execution (Chomitz, 2009, p. 30).Advertising We will compose a custom theory test on Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the discussion on the connection among's wellbeing and scholastic execution has for quite some time been done and finished up. Then again, the discussion on the connection between's physical exercises (as a significant wellbeing aspect for understudies) and scholarly execution is just rising. The advantages of customary physical exercise have been broadly recognized all through wellbeing and clinical circles. For example, inquire about examinations done on creatures have reached a resolution that physical practicing increments neural turn of events while other firmly related comparative investigations have attested that physical practicing prompts a more prominent advancement of neuronal neurotransmitters (Grissom, 2005, p. 1). Expanded physical movement has additionally been avowed to decrease feelings of anxiety and similarly lessen tension, among understudies as well as in the general human populace too. These variables have been related with expanded scholarly execution. Truth be told, there has been proof of up and coming examination considers recommending that the absence of physical exercise or dormancy may sooner rather than later overwhelm the inconvenient impacts tobacco is known to have on people (Grissom, 2005, p. 1). A few areas of the media have additionally recognized that overcomers of malignancy have a higher probability of forestalling the event of the malady in the event that they consistently practice and watch a solid eating routine. These discoveries are probably going to build up another conne ction between the learning condition and understudy intellectual improvement yet more inquiries despite everything wait on whether the connection between physical activities and scholastic accomplishment can be connected to scholarly execution when state administered tests are material (Kirk, 2006, p. 203).Advertising Looking for proposal on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This perspective is shared by Grissom (2005) who takes note of that â€Å"Few contemplates have utilized normalized wellness quantifies and government sanctioned grades in enormous urban populaces or analyzed the relationship of scholarly accomplishment and wellness among rudimentary and center school students† (p. 3). Be that as it may, a similar degree of positive thinking about physical practicing in the media and wellbeing circles isn't confirm in the instructive field for what it's worth in different trains too. Indeed, i n instructive circles, physical training is viewed as an extracurricular action and if there is expanded weight on instructors to improve scholastic outcomes, regularly, physical training is the first to be decreased with the goal that additional time is made for other scholarly exercises. Numerous scientists are against this kind of pattern since they clarify that in the event that physical instruction uncovered a positive connection with scholastic greatness, at that point it would never again be seen as an extra curricular movement (Grissom, 2005, p. 1). This examination basically depends on this perspective in light of the fact that separated from the conspicuous medical advantages related with physical instruction, there is as yet an immediate connection it needs to scholastic greatness. There have been exceptionally negligible research done to build up the connection between physical wellness and scholarly accomplishment and those that exist have noteworthy system issues that in the long run bring about the event of huge questions about their discoveries. Those that have had a convincing finding have anyway endured the issue of getting believable information to help their contentions and in this way their decisions are not as solid as they ought to be.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, one of the principle factors why numerous specialists have hit an impasse in setting up the connection between physical wellness and scholastic accomplishment is a direct result of the way that it is hard to acquire substantial and dependable measures for both physical wellness and scholarly greatness. On account of this test, this examination will utilize the state testing models for the two factors (scholastic accomplishment and physical wellness). From the comprehension of the connection between scholastic greatness and physical exercise, e ducationists can in this manner be guided on the best channels to coordinate their assets. Thinking about the significance of this examination in the foundation of positive scholastic results in schools, this investigation builds up that there is a positive connection between's physical practicing and scholarly accomplishment. Significance of Understanding the Study Understanding the connection between physical wellness and scholarly accomplishment is significant for educationists and guardians the same since it guarantees they know about the elements that identify with the two factors and how it might influence understudies and kids separately. Educators and educationists may discover the data very valuable in drawing up a viable program that essentially coordinates the two factors for ideal outcomes (Science Daily, 2010, p. 4). As such, they can have the option to effectively find some kind of harmony among physical and scholarly exercises for ideal outcomes. This likewise involve s encouraging the improvement of the correct program blends and strategy adjusts which are excessively touchy to the change of training principles. Additionally considering most teachers are ordinarily constrained to improve scholastic execution considering rare instructive assets, this study’s discoveries are probably going to point such individuals the correct way by recognizing potential regions of viable asset assignment that will thus prompt the best possible usage of scholarly assets (Science Daily, 2010, p. 4). Time is one such asset and numerous schools are regularly confronted with the difficulty of dispensing time to the most profitable utilitarian regions of education.Advertising Searching for proposal on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More From the comprehension of the commitment physical training brings to scholastic execution, time can hence be apportioned to physical instruction in the event that it is set up that it has a critical commitment to scholarly execution, or unexpectedly, time can be decreased on the off chance that it is set up that it doesn't have a noteworthy commitment to scholastic execution. Since most instructors have regularly been condemned for not giving all encompassing training and just centered around scholarly execution, the discoveries of this investigation will be valuable to teachers and strategy producers in building up the degree through which physical training will influence scholastic execution in light of the fact that physical wellness is a component of discovering that includes a comprehensive training requested by the vast majority (Science Daily, 2010, p. 4). Also, its effect on scholastic execution will be precisely measured in light of the fact that scholarly presentation is ty pically seen to be the apex of training and most learning establishments would not bargain it on the off chance that they don't have a right evaluation of the effect physical instruction has on it (scholastic achievement). Also, in today’s current time of expanded rivalry, many learning organizations have been seen to decrease the time allotted to physical instruction so as to have an upper hand over others foundations thus the data got from this investigation will be valuable to learning establishments which don't plan to take this technique while still maintain great scholarly execution (Science Daily, 2010, p. 4). Writing Review The worry about youngsters wellbeing has been another issue of concern in instructive circles as well as in groups of friends. All the more along these lines, there have been expanded worries about the expanded pace of stoutness among youngsters and new research contemplates introduced at the American’s Heart Association discussion recommend that physical wellbeing worries among understudies is corresponded to the degree of scholarly accomplishment (Cottrell, 2010). There have been firmly related research examines done by Cottrell, an instructive specialist at Wood County in America who was attempting to build up the connection between weight list and scholarly execution. He recommended that understudies who would do well to grades (better than expected) in Mathematics, science and social examinations were in a general decent physical condition of wellness while the individuals who were not in acceptable physical wellness (in a time of two years) performed ineffectively in scholastics for the two years considered (Chomitz, 2009, p. 30). In confirmation of his discoveries, he clarified that The bring home message from this investigation is that we need our children to be fit as far as might be feasible and it will appear in their scholastic execution (Cottrell, 2010, p. 31). He further emphasized that But on the off cha nce that we can mediate on those kids who are not really fit and get them to genuinely fit levels, we may likewise observe their scholarly exhibition increment (Cottrell, 2010, p. 32). In supplementing these discoveries, helper contemplates (still done by Cottrell) recommended that understudies who routinely partook in physical activities will undoubtedly have an exceptionally energetic adulthood (Cottrell, 2010). Because of these discoveries, it was built up by the American heart affiliation that understudies ought to do in any event an hour of physical practicing a day with the goal that they are in fit situation to upgrade their childhood and improve their scholarly exhibition out and out (Science Daily, 2010). In adding their discoveries, Medical News (2011) presumed that â€Å"The study sugges

History of the Visual Cliff in Psychology

History of the Visual Cliff in Psychology Theories Developmental Psychology Print How the Visual Cliff Tested Babies Depth Perception By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 21, 2020 Barbara Peacock / The Image Bank / Getty Images More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology A visual cliff involves an apparent, but not actual drop from one surface to another, originally created to test babies depth perception. Its created by connecting a transparent glass surface to an opaque patterned surface. The floor below has the same pattern as the opaque surface. This apparatus creates the visual illusion of a cliff while protecting the subject from injury. History of the Visual Cliff In order to investigate depth perception, psychologists E.J. Gibson and R.D. Walk developed the visual cliff test to use with human infants and animals.?? Earlier research had revealed that infants will respond to various depth cues even before they are able to crawl. Depth cues allow people to detect depth in a visual scene. These can include both monocular cues such as relative size and overlap, or binocular cues such as retinal disparity. Gibson and Walk were interested in whether or not an infants ability to perceive depth is a learned behavior or if it was, as they suspected, innate. Gibson and Walk described their visual cliff apparatus as a large sheet of heavy Plexiglass supported a foot or more off the floor. Early versions of the experiments involved animal subjects such as turtles, goats, rats, lambs, kittens, dogs, pigs, and monkeys.?? On one side of the glass, a high-contrast patterned fabric is pressed up against the underside to make the glass appear solid. The same material is laid on the floor below the glass, creating the visual illusion of a cliff. This allowed researchers to test infant perception while still ensuring the safety of their young subjects. Visual Cliff Infant Test In the test, a child is placed on one end of the platform and the caregiver stands on the other side of the clear surface.?? The assumption was that if a child had developed depth perception, he or she would be able to perceive the visual cliff and would be reluctant or refuse to crawl to the caregiver. It was also assumed that infants who still lacked depth perception would crawl happily to their caregivers without even noticing the apparent drop. Gibson and walk concluded that the ability to perceive depth emerges sometime around the age that an infant begins to crawl. The fear of heights, they suggested, is something learned later in infancy as gain experience with bumps, scrapes, and falls. Understanding the Visual Cliff Initially, psychologists believed that the perception of the visual cliff was a matter of physical and visual maturity. Babies could see the difference by the age of eight months, while younger infants with less developed depth perception could not see the cliff. Because six-month-old children could be enticed to wiggle across the visual edge, while 10-month-old children refused to cross the threshold, it was assumed that the younger children had not yet developed depth perception while the older children had.?? Later research, however, has demonstrated that children as young as three months are able to perceive the visual cliff. When placed over the apparent edge, their heart rates quicken, eyes widen, and breathing rates increase. So if these infants can perceive the visual cliff, why would they be willing to crawl off what appears to be a straight drop down? The issue is that children of this age do not yet fully realize that the consequence of going over this visual cliff is potentially falling. This realization only comes later when the child begins to crawl and gains real experience with taking tumbles. The assumption has long been that avoidance of the visual cliff was related to a fear of heights, but recent research suggests that infants avoid the drop-off because they sense that they lack the physical skills to make the descent possible.??

How the College Bubble Will Pop - 1816 Words

Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today (Richardson 382). One of the most amazing things people have dreamt to obtain is the â€Å"American Dream†. It is so profound in all the things it can symbolize. It is freedom, justice, but most of all, it is a hope for a better way of life. The immigrants who made the long and dangerous voyage to America wanted their children to have experiences that they never got to experience, one of those things being to have an education. Education has been so important and cherished for many years now. Without it, usually meant a mediocre job was imminent. Without it, people will not be using their full potential. Without it, the American Dream is not†¦show more content†¦That increased potential higher education revenues. Surprise! Over the last three decades, tuitions rose faster than the economy grew. (Barone) As touched by Barone, it can be inferred that the many attempts to aid American people was one of many causes to this situation. Furthermore insinuating that the amount of government intervention may as well caused this college bubble. Things such as the federal grant program which â€Å"†¦gives money to state and local governments to spend in accordance with set standards and conditions† and also the foundation of School Program which funds â€Å"†¦ programs for public education in the state of Texas† must be carefully supervised (Scott 361). It is essential that the government takes action to take care of its people, but there must be an extent. The college bubble has been predicted to pop for some time now. The situation has gotten so bad that the â€Å"†¦total college enrollment has fallen by 1.5% since 2012† (Vedder and Denhart). The price is increasing at a substantial rate and it seems like it is not slowing down. â€Å"Even more alarming t han the rate of tuition growth is the blistering increase in total outstanding student loans, which grew 511% since 1999 to $1 trillion† (Piereson). One trillion dollars is an enormous amount of money and is way too high for loans lent out. At this rate, there will be no money to give out since there is not more money to lend. Even thoughShow MoreRelatedRisks Of The Student Loan Bubble960 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction/Overview I will be examining the risks of the student loan bubble. A bubble in financial terms regards to the rapid rise of asset prices that isn’t backed by fundamentals. This will eventually cause a large sell off leading to a sharp depletion in those asset values. Over the last 5 years the American federal reserve bank has increased spending on federal student loans over 1,000%. From $100 billion to over $1 trillion dollars. 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Get the Scoop on Essay Samples for Mba Before Youre Too Late

Get the Scoop on Essay Samples for Mba Before You're Too Late Nevertheless, there's one essential difference. Assuming that you would like to get hired by a fantastic company, normally you'll be requested to write a skilled goals essay to demonstrate that you're the most acceptable candidate to occupy the available position. Such questions need deep introspection for you to get to the core of your nature and influences. Politically our candidate has turned out to be somewhat skilled. There's a greater chance you will accomplish your aims by writing them down. Don't forget, all type of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. So it isn't very simple to receive a high mark. Prior planning on the way you want to come up with your day care center is extremely important to acquire suitable resources, funds, and staff. The Essay Samples for Mba Pitfall Essay writing is part of learning process. Students have to follow alon g with the directions carefully to create an ideal law essay. Masters Essay is a superb service. Essay writing tips You want to take a while to think about a few fundamental questions. You require a resume targeting the specific position you're applying for. Employing a font that is simple to read is also important. For instance, it is crucial to set the margins so you have some white space around the text. You're employed as a senior software engineer for a reputable business. There is an assortment of companies that provide research paper writing services. When it isn't the sort of essay you would like to see, then you are able to keep shopping for the next firm. While there are lots of resources that will supply you with tips and techniques to draft your essays, there's nothing better than real-life examples that have actually been selected by some of the very best B-schools on earth. To begin with, students find it difficult to write excellent research papers since t hey do not have sufficient time. Understanding of important components of succeeding from the very inception will result in the life objectives and plans formation. An MBA is a critical part of my career objectives, and as such plays an important part in achieving my life objectives. You are going to receive a personalized score report highlighting your strengths and regions of improvement. ASSESS CURRENT EMPLOYEES When the benchmark assessment is finished, you will have a thorough report of the best job analysis and design. For instance, if the company school requested a DOC, that is exactly what you should send. Initially there were very few businesses in the business but as people came to know more about the value of the insurance and its benefits, several new companies emerged. My job was supposed to work alongside the industry manager to help produce a more healthy marriage between the finance and marketing and advertising departments, thus improving our sales and workpl ace atmosphere. You can receive the ideal writing help if you're prepared to shell out time to choose the very best service provider. What Does Essay Samples for Mba Mean? The school gives you minimal guidance for applicants hoping to earn an impression. Being a real nurse doesn't appear to have the identical great feeling that it used to. Being a real nurse used to be related to the white starched dress uniform and cap. Nursing is frequently a springboard to numerous different positions. Admissions committees wish to be impressed but they would like to be impressed by you. The Admissions Committee wants to understand more about you and your distinctive personality and the way that can ultimately lead to the Wharton community. Career in Insurance There is an assortment of positions in the field at which you can work and earn a career. There are a lot of challenges you'll have to overcome if you wish to write MBA application essays that work. Admissions committee officers are on the watch for the very best possible candidate profiles. A number of decades back, locating a service to become done with the MBA essays wasn't effortless. The MBA thesis should be well written, dependent on scholarly research and has to be backed by verifiable data. If this is the case, you should take a look at our sample MBA Essay Guide. Students should use a lot of sources when writing research papers. In the event the business school states the essay is optional, then you need to DEFINITELY write one. Rather it's a good idea to find out what quality of MBA essay writing service it's possible to get. Furthermore, the students don't know the right writing styles to use while writing their research papers. For example, the writing styles that are utilised to write science papers are not accustomed to compose social science papers.

Kodak Harvard Case Free Essays

Case preparation memo GROUP NAME _____________________________ YOUR NAME_________Jordan Lewis_______ CASE __Kodak_________________ 1. What is/are the problem(s) in this case? Keep it to a single statement. At most, you may point out a couple of the key questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Kodak Harvard Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now The problem in the Kodak case is that Kodak is losing market value because they are reworking their product line, causing doubt in customer mindset. They have created the Funtime film to attempt to regain market value. 2. What are the key issues? This is just a simple list (condensed SWOT). You do not need to analyze in great detail. The key issues are that they are losing market value by remaking their best seller. By attempting to enter the economy brand-pricing tier, they have restructured and rebranded their other films, making their consumer doubt the quality of their original product. They have renamed their superpremium film to correlate with their premium brand, which is a strength, but could lose a few of their customers in the transition. By not heavily advertising their new line of Funtime film they run the risk of not reaching their consumer. From a business standpoint, it seems odd to devote so little marketing to a new product, it seems as though they don’t care/believe in the product to begin with. 3. What are the alternatives? Be creative! What are the strategic tradeoffs (pros / cons)? This should be a list of at least 5 alternatives. They do not all have to be wonderful ideas. This is a brainstorming step -Take a percentage of the advertising/marketing dollars designated to the most well known, most purchased film, Gold Plus, and use it to run one campaign for Funtime. -Find a way to package the Gold Plus and the Funtime together. Advertise and market to current consumers of Gold Plus, their most popular film. -Give a free sample to 100 current Kodak users, it’s not incredibly costly and may be able to generate word of mouth advertising. -Sell each roll of Funtime individually. Set the price point a little higher than the packaged pricing would be, and market them as a quick solution to those necessary moments when a photo is needed. 4. Present a quantitative analysis of key alternatives (if appropriate). This section may include break even, margin analysis, ROI, LCV, etc. State clearly if you do not find relevant numbers in the case. It is an interesting strategy to sell the Funtime film in â€Å"value packs. † By selling them in packs they are making a relatively similar amount of money, as they would by selling one roll of Gold Plus film. On average consumers spent between $2. 50 and $3. 50 on a roll of film so by bundling Funtime together and selling them for roughly the same price as one roll of Gold Plus, it seems like a higher margin could be made by selling the Funtime rolls individually. If they were to sell them individually they could sell them for 0. 0 less than their Gold Plus and still make a decent margin, while maintaining the lower price point necessary for the consumer. The case states that Funtime is to be sold at a price 20% less than Gold Plus, which is sold for 20% less than Royal Gold. 5. In your own words, what is your recommendation? First, what reason(s) do you have to choose this alternative? Second, how will it be imp lemented? Use the marketing mix elements and research components as implementation guidelines. The previous sections can be duplicated within your group, but this part should be individual effort. The best strategy would be to concentrate on the new product line and promote it heavily with a competitive price. Product strategies: I think they need to reevaluate the way they are introducing Funtime into the market. It makes little to no sense to introduce an economy price based item into the market without advertising it. In analyzing their target only 10% were price shoppers, but their manager of general merchandise marketing stated that there is a significant rise in price-sensitive shoppers, so it would make sense to dedicate at least a portion of the marketing strategy to the new price point product. Go for market penetration! Pricing: The Funtime film is meant to fit the economy brand pricing tier. The other films in this tier range from $2. 69-$2. 91. The case does not directly state the price of one individual roll of Funtime film. It does however mention that it is only to be sold in packages of two or four. It would make most sense to sell two of the Funtime films for the price of one roll of their premium film. However, they do offer more exposures in the pack of four and could possibly sell it for a larger margin. Especially if they are trying to compete with the private label margin which is higher than Kodak’s margin. To implement this pricing strategy I would advertise a â€Å"2 for 1† or â€Å"more bang for your buck† strategy, emphasizing the quality or genre difference as well. Promotional ideas: As an alternative I would choose to offer some form of promotion for the Funtime film. I find it necessary to promote a new product, rather than introduce it twice a year in limited quantities. An economy-based shopper is looking for something easy, cheap, and on the go, so make it easily accessible to them. Promote it around graduation time, wedding season, and holidays so that people remember to pick up an extra roll of film. By releasing it with hardly any advertising and on a limited quantity run it doesn’t show much confidence in the product to begin with, so leave it out there and promote it when necessary. Distribution tactics: Distribute at point of sale, registers, next to picture frames, in the photo developing section of department and drug store. Maybe even convenience stores. It is an economy priced item, sell it where people will make it an add-on sale item. Distribute where current users of Kodak film shop so that they may become acquainted with it and understand its use. Research (goals, methods, etc. ): Research how other companies marketed and sold their economy brand priced film. Find out which consumer would be interested in the film and target them. Use a survey to ask current consumers what price they would be willing to pay for a less premium film, and what they would expect out of it. Run a trial test in key areas and around peak seasonal times. 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The 14Th Dalai Lama Essays - Tulkus, Tibetan Independence Movement

The 14Th Dalai Lama Research Paper November 12, 1999 The 14th Dalai Lama ?Dalai Lama? literally means ocean priest. His vast followers, awestruck by his presence, cast their eyes downward, fall to the ground and weep. They cannot look directly in his eyes out of respect. The Dalai Lama realizes the magnitude of his position, but dismisses the idolatry. His people call him ?His Holiness.? He calls himself a Tibetan who chooses to be a Buddhist monk. He also was leader of a country that Tibetans say is occupied and that Beijing says has always been part of China. He is considered the reincarnation of the previous 13 Dalai Lamas of Tibet, the first born more than 640 years ago. This Dalai Lama is different from his predecessors, though. For instance, the 13th Dalai Lama was strict and formal, and most Tibetans couldn't get close to him except during public blessing ceremonies. The 14th Dalai Lama meets often with Tibetans and foreigners and never keeps people at a distance. He is among 600 Tibetan Buddhist monks living in Dharamsala, in northern India. About 7,000 of the 24,000 who live in this city are Tibetans, with the greatest concentration in the village of McLeod Ganj?the seat of Tibet's government-in- exile. The Chinese occupied Tibet in 1950. For nine years, the Dalai Lama tried to negotiate peaceful coexistence with his people and the Chinese. When that failed, he fled in 1959 to India, where he set up Tibet's government-in-exile. Lhamo Thondup was born July 6, 1935, to peasant farmers in Taktser, a poor settlement on a hill overlooking a broad valley in northeastern Tibet. Buddhist priests from Lhasa, Tibet's capital, came for the boy when he was 2. Omens led them to him: from the way the head of the 13th Dalai Lama had turned in his coffin toward the child's village, to the vision of the house seen in a lake by a high priest. The boy was renamed Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso and raised by monks in Lhasa in the 1,000-room Potala palace, where the fifth through the present Dalai Lamas resided. As a boy, he had no idea what it meant to be the 14th Dalai Lama?the ruler of the land hidden behind the Himalayas. He was tutored in Buddhist teachings. At 15, with his country under threat from the newly communist China, he formally became head of Tibet, which is about three times the size of California. At that time in 1950, peace in Tibet was shattered when 84,000 Chinese soldiers launched an attack at six points along Tibet's border. Chinese officials say communism liberated the downtrodden Tibetan people from a feudal theocracy harshly ruled by a succession of Dalai Lamas. But many Tibetans say communism never was attractive for them, and they always considered the rule of the Dalai Lama benevolent. Fearful of being captured by the Chinese and believing he would be more effective outside Tibet, the Dalai Lama fled at age 24 across 17,000-foot Himalayan passes into India. Together with the 70-man remnant of the Tibetan government, he was given political asylum. He chose India for its proximity to his homeland, and Tibetans felt a spiritual kinship with their neighbors because Buddhism originated in India. Buddhism teaches people to eliminate suffering caused by ignorance, egotism and self- centeredness. Buddhists cultivate morality, generosity, patience, energy, wisdom and meditation. They believe good actions lead to a promising rebirth. Tibet was the only place where Buddhist monks solely ruled the country. Leaders were thought to be incarnations of enlightened beings, and they taught others how to calm their minds and cultivate altruism. Tibetans say they lived peacefully until the Chinese invaded their country. Since then, 1.2 million people -- 20 percent of the Tibetan population?have died in combat and through massive famines from collectivized farming and diversion of Tibetan grain to China. The Chinese gutted all but 10 of Tibet's 6,254 monasteries, and their treasure -- $80 billion in jeweled, gold, silver and bronze statues and other holy items?was trucked back to China and later sold in markets in Hong Kong and Tokyo. Still, the Dalai Lama, 1989 Nobel Peace Prize winner for his non-violent quest to free his homeland, doesn't

Free Essays on Gilgamesh

Homer's The Illiad - Hector As The Epic Hero In Homer’s The Iliad there appears to be some controversy over who the true epic hero might be. We have heard many arguments supporting Achilles as the Epic Hero, and since The Iliad does indeed say â€Å"The Story of Achilles† I believe that Achilles is an easy character for people to associate as the epic hero. Although many people have cited Achilles as having superhuman strength and various other physical attributes, he appears to be lacking the qualities of a real Homeric Epic Hero. A Homeric Epic Hero must demonstrate all of the following three requirements in order for them to truly be considered an Epic Hero. A character must believe that men have to stand together in battle; men had to respect each other; and they had to refrain from excessive cruelty. This last condition was considered to be critically important for the Epic Hero. A true Epic Hero loathed deliberate acts of cruelty, defamation, and injustice. An Epic Hero believed that if they were to kill an opponent it must be done quickly. There was to be no mutilation of any kind because it reflected poorly upon the victor and the victor’s community. In the following paragraphs you will see how Achilles breaks all three rules/requirements of an epic hero, and upon doing so relinquishes any right he has to be called an Epic Hero. The first requirement of an Epic Hero is that he believes that men should stand together in battle. Achilles is a great warrior with superhuman strength, but when Briseis, Achilles war prize, is stripped from him by Agamemnon he proceeds to throw a temper tantrum. Achilles cares no more about standing alongside his fellow Greek warriors because he has been disrespected by Agamemnon. Homer does an excellent job of making most readers sympathize with Achilles, until around book nine when Patroklos is killed in battle. It is not until nine books of brooding and pouting passed for Achilles to realize h... Free Essays on Gilgamesh Free Essays on Gilgamesh The character that I choose from the book â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is Gilgamesh himself. In the beginning of the book one realizes that Gilgamesh is a self-absorbed individual. He abuses his rights as king, as well as â€Å"leaves no virgin to her lover†. (13) Although readers may say that Gilgamesh stays the same throughout the whole story, it can easily be interpreted the other way. Throughout the book, many things cause Gilgamesh to change. He gains a friend names Enkidu. After killing Humbaba he makes a name for himself. He then tries to become immortal because of the death of Enkidu. Through his many actions and tribulations his personality changes and he becomes a better person. Gilgamesh weakness and strengths are of equal throughout the whole story. He is â€Å"created with a perfect body, endowed with beauty, as well as courage.† (13) â€Å"He is as strong as a star from heaven.† (14) These are just some of his strengths. Weakness that Gilgamesh shows throughout the story are the following: â€Å"O Shamash, hear me, hear me, Shamash, let my voice be heard.† (18) â€Å"Bitterly he wept for his friend Enkidu; he wandered over the wilderness as a hunter, he roamed over the plains; in his bitterness he cried.† (31) These are two perfect examples of how Gilgamesh shows he weakness. The culture of this story is about friendship. Gilgamesh learns to become a best friend to Enkidu. He learns to make Enkidu happy who is his best friend. Gilgamesh has to change, and he does, throughout their relationship in order to keep their relationship. Friendship is valued in this story above all and it is shown throughout. I believed that a major issue within the Sumerian culture was friendship.... Free Essays on Gilgamesh The Babylonian author of The Epic of Gilgamesh reveals very much about the Sumerian culture especially through the use of the intervention of the gods is his tale of a hero and king fearing the inevitable stage of life; death. The gods and goddesses in the epic are written in their Akkadian forms, yet they did originate in the Sumerian language. The tale of Gilgamesh is based on King Gilgamesh of Uruk whose legendary adventure lies in the hands of the gods and goddesses from above and below. Gilgamesh himself is depicted as two-thirds god and one-third man which was definitely connected to the way the Sumerian culture thought of their kings in c. 3600 BCE. Their king was thought of as semi-divine being. Gilgamesh’s mother is a goddess named Ninsun and his father is Lugalbanda. The Sumerians put forth so much of their time worshipping and paying sacrifice to the gods by the way of temples, offerings, burial sacrifices, worship and belief in the Netherworld. That shows us that the people of the Sumerian civilization and the people portrayed in Uruk very much believed in the gods’ powers. Even Gilgamesh, part god, exhibited every person’s belief in the gods. In the Late Uruk Period the people saw themselves as humans put on this earth to serve the gods and while doing so have the chance to live a righteous life, live by me(the laws of the universe) and when you die(since the gods only retained immortality for themselves) hopefully there are eno ugh gifts and sacrifices for you that make your stay more pleasurable in the Netherworld. In Sumerian culture An is the patron god of Uruk, god of the sky and earlier known as the father and ruler of all gods. This god is represented in Akkadian in the Babylonian story as Anu with the same characteristics. Enlil, the patron god of the holy city, Nippur; god of air and even thought of as the diety who chose and gave power to all the earthly rulers. Shamash is god of the sun and ... Free Essays on Gilgamesh The best-known of the Mesopotamian myths, one of the world’s oldest surviving pieces of literature is the Epic of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh ruled the Mesopotamian city of Uruk around 2000 BC. Gilgamesh was part human and part god. The epic was composed around 2000 BC and tells the story of the journeys of Gilgamesh. According to the epic of Gilgamesh there was a great flood. The flood took place because the people multiplied, the world bellowed widely and the gods were upset by the clamour. Mankind became intolerable to the gods so they decided to exterminate them. Warrior Enlil caused the great flood. The account of the flood in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the great flood described in Genesis has some differences and similarities. One similarity is the building of the boat to keep the living creatures in so they wouldn’t drown in the flood. One difference is the great flood in Gilgamesh is it only rained for six days and six nights, in Genesis it rained for forty days and forty nights. The story of the flood tells us something about the Mesopotamian gods. It tells us that they are all evil. The people of Mesopotamia have negative attitudes towards the gods. I think this epic tell us that the Mesopotamians had a very strong view on life. They did not tolerate to much of the Mesopotamian people. They wanted society to be perfect.... Free Essays on Gilgamesh The Flood of Gilgamesh and Genesis The Epic of Gilgamesh records a story of a world-wide flood and pre-dates Genesis. So some claim that this invalidates the Genesis record. But P.J. Wiseman presents an interesting theory in this regard in his book Ancient Records and the Structure of Genesis (New York: Thomas Nelson, 1985). He believes that Moses did not write Genesis but rather translated it from ancient stone tablets written in Cuneiform script. The tablets each would have been originally written by eye-witnesses of the particular events, or those who received their information from eye-witnesses. He breaks Genesis into parts according to the phrase "These are the generations" (KJV; "This is the history" - NKJV; "This the account" - NASB; NIV; Gen 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10; 11:27; 25:12,9; 36:1,9; 37:2). He compares the use of this phrase and the structure of each section to the stone tablets written in cuneiform script. Many of these tablets have been discovered and they date to the third millenium BC. Wiseman's theory is that Genesis is translated from individual tablets which would have contained the material before each occurrence of the above phrase. So the narratives of the creation of the universe (Gen 1) and of the Garden of Eden (Gen 2) would have been written on one tablet by Adam as these events were revealed to him by the only Eye-witness of the events, God Himself. The narratives of the Fall and subsequent events would have been written on another tablet by Adam as an eye-witness of the events. Adam then passed each of these tablets on to his descendant Seth. Seth then recorded the events of Gen 5 and passed the tablets to his descendant Noah. Noah then recorded the events of Gen 6-9 and passed the tablets to his descendant Shem, and so one until Joseph. Joseph then recorded the final chapters of Genesis and placed all of the tablets in the library of the pharaohs. Moses then, while in pharaoh’... Free Essays on Gilgamesh The main character in the book The Epic of Gilgamesh, is Gilgamesh himself. In the beginning of the book one realizes that Gilgamesh is an arrogant person. Gilgamesh is full of himself and abuses his rights as king. He has sexual intercourse with the virgins of his town and acts as though he is a god. Throughout the book, many things cause Gilgamesh to change. He gains a friend, he makes a name for himself by killing Humbaba, and he tries to become a better person. First, the quest for immortality after the death of Enkidu shows that Gilgamesh has changed. Gilgamesh becomes frightened when he realizes that he isn’t immortal. After the death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh tries to find immortality by trying to cross the ocean to find it. He sounds pathetic as he rambles of his reason for trying to find everlasting life. His state of being at this part in the book, which is the end, is completely different from his arrogant beginning of this epic. Gilgamesh has gone from arrogant to scared. Second, the death of Humbaba changes Gilgamesh. Humbaba is evil. Many people who live in the city of Uruk fear Gilgamesh. Most would say that Gilgamesh himself is, in fact, evil. He has sex with the virgins, he does what he wants, and he tends to offend the gods. He has lots of problems with Ishtar. By going into the forest and facing Humbaba, Gilgamesh makes a name for himself and changes the views of the people in his city. The past of Gilgamesh does not change, but the great deed of killing Humbaba, makes him better person because he protects his city. Most would say he does this only to make a name for himself, but that is not the case. Gilgamesh does this because of his love for Enkidu and his people, he has changed from the beginning of the epic. The gods are angry with Gilgamesh and send down an equal of himself, they send down Enkidu. After becoming friends, Gilgamesh changes because he has an equal to be with. Enkidu and... Free Essays on Gilgamesh Compare and Contrast of Gilgamesh and Enkidu The story of Gilgamesh is one of literature’s greatest, oldest poems. It is the first poem ever to be translated to present day text. It can be traced far back as to 2700 B. C. It is a classic tale that us today can see a sort of relations in other literary works. In this poem, an equal to Gilgamesh, Enkidu was created by the gods in response to the prayers of the people of Urk. Made to the likeness of Gilgamesh, Enkidu was created in order to end the arrogant Gilgamesh. But when quarreling against each other they found a companion in each other’s company. So they remained friends throughout the poem. As equals gods created them but they are different from each other. Gilgamesh was born to Ninsun, a wise god. He is 2/3 god and 1/3 man. His beauty was like no other. No mortal man could compare to his immaculate, flawless features. Strength like a wild ox was bestow upon him by the gods. Also courage so that he will rule without doubt. But to the people of Urk, the town that he ruled over, Gilgamesh was considered arrogant. He ruled the people harshly and brutally. So gods created in his likeness Enkidu to see an end to Gilgamesh. The wild raised Enkidu. He is a blend of human and animal. The animal beings dominate at first. His hair was long and matted. He ran with the animals and ate raw food. A savage was he. At the time of his being civilized, he at times wanted to fight with Gilgamesh. Making Enkidu appear as to a brute. Were one was created to rule a kingdom; the other was created to destroy the king. As much as they were different remember that they were born of the same origin. The gods created both Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Both had stunning features of immaculate beauty. Strong as ox’s and had courage of the gods. Nothing could stand in the way of these two men but only themselves and the gods. Gilgamesh would have dreams upon meeting Enkidu. These dreams were translated by ... Free Essays on Gilgamesh Homer's The Illiad - Hector As The Epic Hero In Homer’s The Iliad there appears to be some controversy over who the true epic hero might be. We have heard many arguments supporting Achilles as the Epic Hero, and since The Iliad does indeed say â€Å"The Story of Achilles† I believe that Achilles is an easy character for people to associate as the epic hero. Although many people have cited Achilles as having superhuman strength and various other physical attributes, he appears to be lacking the qualities of a real Homeric Epic Hero. A Homeric Epic Hero must demonstrate all of the following three requirements in order for them to truly be considered an Epic Hero. A character must believe that men have to stand together in battle; men had to respect each other; and they had to refrain from excessive cruelty. This last condition was considered to be critically important for the Epic Hero. A true Epic Hero loathed deliberate acts of cruelty, defamation, and injustice. An Epic Hero believed that if they were to kill an opponent it must be done quickly. There was to be no mutilation of any kind because it reflected poorly upon the victor and the victor’s community. In the following paragraphs you will see how Achilles breaks all three rules/requirements of an epic hero, and upon doing so relinquishes any right he has to be called an Epic Hero. The first requirement of an Epic Hero is that he believes that men should stand together in battle. Achilles is a great warrior with superhuman strength, but when Briseis, Achilles war prize, is stripped from him by Agamemnon he proceeds to throw a temper tantrum. Achilles cares no more about standing alongside his fellow Greek warriors because he has been disrespected by Agamemnon. Homer does an excellent job of making most readers sympathize with Achilles, until around book nine when Patroklos is killed in battle. It is not until nine books of brooding and pouting passed for Achilles to realize h... Free Essays on Gilgamesh Gilgamesh The character that I choose from the book â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is Gilgamesh himself. In the beginning of the book one realizes that Gilgamesh is a self-absorbed individual. He abuses his rights as king, as well as â€Å"leaves no virgin to her lover†. (13) Although readers may say that Gilgamesh stays the same throughout the whole story, it can easily be interpreted the other way. Throughout the book, many things cause Gilgamesh to change. He gains a friend names Enkidu. After killing Humbaba he makes a name for himself. He then tries to become immortal because of the death of Enkidu. Through his many actions and tribulations his personality changes and he becomes a better person. Gilgamesh weakness and strengths are of equal throughout the whole story. He is â€Å"created with a perfect body, endowed with beauty, as well as courage.† (13) â€Å"He is as strong as a star from heaven.† (14) These are just some of his strengths. Weakness that Gilgamesh shows throughout the story are the following: â€Å"O Shamash, hear me, hear me, Shamash, let my voice be heard.† (18) â€Å"Bitterly he wept for his friend Enkidu; he wandered over the wilderness as a hunter, he roamed over the plains; in his bitterness he cried.† (31) These are two perfect examples of how Gilgamesh shows he weakness. The culture of this story is about friendship. Gilgamesh learns to become a best friend to Enkidu. He learns to make Enkidu happy who is his best friend. Gilgamesh has to change, and he does, throughout their relationship in order to keep their relationship. Friendship is valued in this story above all and it is shown throughout. I believed that a major issue within the Sumerian culture was friendship.... Free Essays on Gilgamesh I concluded that the social themes of this story were separation and freedom. The story starts out with, â€Å"Gran started it all.† (501) From this quote alone I felt like something new was going to start. As I read more into the story I found that this idea of mine to be true. Gran was trying to separate from her real world and into a world where she would be free. â€Å"She informed us that, as of now she was Rufous-necked Hornbill, of India.† (501) This is another statement that supports my themes. Here Gran shows that she did what she did to escape. Even though she hadn’t visited India she told everyone she was form there. I believe that Gran was taken out of her comfort zone. Maybe she did this because of her society having problems. For example the Water Department is restricting supply. The Energy is warning of depleted stocks and the Department of Rest had announced that the population must fall by one-point-eight per cent by November or else. â€Å"A c lassic case of regression to the childlike state† as stated by Dr. Pratt. (502) Even Dr. Pratt sees that Gran has escaped and separated into a free society. A society in which she could gobble, screech, as well as be naked and sexually liberated, and not have to worry about reality. These actions were brought upon by fear, the fear of reality and the fear of not knowing what was going to happen next. Throughout the whole story there are phrases that help support my themes....

Van Der Waals Forces Definition

Van Der Waals Forces Definition Van der Waals Forces are the weak forces which contribute to intermolecular bonding  between molecules. Molecules inherently possess energy and their electrons are always in motion, so transient concentrations of electrons in one region or another lead electrically positive regions of a molecule to be attracted to the electrons of another molecule. Similarly, negatively-charged regions of one molecule are repulsed by negatively-charged regions of another molecule. Van der Waals forces are the sum of the attractive and repulsive electrical forces between atoms and molecules. These forces differ from covalent and ionic chemical bonding because they result from fluctuations in charge density of particles. Examples of van der Waals forces include hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole interactions. Key Takeaways: Van der Waals Forces Van der Waals forces are distance-dependent forces between atoms and molecule not associated with covalent or ionic chemical bonds.Sometimes the term is used to encompass all intermolecular forces, although some scientists only include London dispersion force, Debye force, and Keeson force.Van der Waals forces are the weakest of the chemical forces, but they still play an important role in the properties of molecules and in surface science. Properties of Van der Waals Forces Certain characteristics are displayed by van der Waals forces: The forces are additive.The forces are weaker than either ionic or covalent chemical bonds.They are not directional.The forces act only over a very short range. The interaction is greater when molecules draw closer.Van der Waals forces are independent of temperature, with the exception of dipole-dipole interactions. Components of Van der Waals Forces Van der Waals forces are the weakest intermolecular forces. Their strength typically ranges from 0.4 to 4 kJ/mol and act over distances less than 0.6 nm. When the distance is less than 0.4 nm, the net effect of the forces is repulsive as electron clouds repel each other. There are four major contributions to van der Waals forces: There is a negative component that prevents molecules from collapsing. This is due to the Pauli exclusion principle.Either an attractive or repulsive electrostatic interaction occurs between permanent charges, dipoles, quadrupoles, and multipoles. This interaction is called Keesom interaction or Keesom force, named for Willem Hendrik Keesom.Induction or polarization occurs. This is an attractive force between a permanent polarity on one molecule and an induced polarity on another. This interaction is called the Debye force for Peter J.W. Debye.London dispersion force is the attraction between any pair of molecules due to instantaneous polarization. The force is named after Fritz London. Note even nonpolar molecules experience London dispersion. Van der Waals Forces, Geckos, and Arthropods Geckos, insects, and some spiders have setae on their foot pads that allow them to climb extremely smooth surfaces, such as glass. In fact, a gecko can even hang from a single toe! Scientists have proposed numerous explanations for the phenomena, but it turns out the primary cause of the adhesion is the electrostatic force more than van der Waals forces or capillary action. Researchers have produced dry glue and adhesive tape based on analysis of gecko and spider feet. The stickiness results both from tiny velcro-like hair and also the addition of lipids, which are found on gecko feet. Gecko feet are sticky because of van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and lipids found on their skin. StephanHoerold / Getty Images Real-Life Spiderman In 2014, DARPA tested its Geckskin, a material based on the setae of gecko footpads. A 100-kg researcher, carrying an additional 20 kg of gear, scaled an 8 m (26 ft) glass wall using two climbing paddles. The goal is to give military personnel Spiderman-like abilities. Scientists have found a way to use van der Waals forces to help people cling to smooth surfaces, such as glass and walls. OrangeDukeProductions / Getty Images Sources Autumn, Kellar; Sitti, Metin; Liang, Yiching A.; Peattie, Anne M.; Hansen, Wendy R.; Sponberg, Simon; Kenny, Thomas W.; Fearing, Ronald; Israelachvili, Jacob N.; Full, Robert J. (2002). Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (19): 12252–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.192252799Dzyaloshinskii, I. D.; Lifshitz, E. M.; Pitaevskii, L. P. (1961). General theory of van der Waals forces. Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 4 (2): 153. doi:10.1070/PU1961v004n02ABEH003330Israelachvili, J. (1985–2004). Intermolecular and Surface Forces. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-375181-2.Parsegian, V. A. (2006). van der Waals Forces: A Handbook for Biologists, Chemists, Engineers, and Physicists. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83906-8.Wolff, J. O.; Gorb, S. N. (18 May 2011). The influence of humidity on the attachment ability of the spider Philodromus dispar (Araneae, Philodromidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1726): 139–143. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0505

Midterm exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Midterm exam - Essay Example a) Joseph Johnston argues that the failures in corporate governance and top level scandals indicates that the fiduciary principle does not really help to ensure that managers seek the best interest of their stakeholders (25). Johnston argues on the basis of the conflict of interest that is so rife in organizations. This is because most managers and directors seek to meet their profit motives and since they are often assessed on the basis of their ability to attain profitability, most directors are prone to find ways and means of cutting corners and cheating some stakeholders. A stakeholder is a person who affects and/or affected by an organizations activities (Freeman 29). This include a wide variety of people including employees, consumers, suppliers, financial institutions, government agencies amongst others. These people have various demands and expectations from the organization and its directors. And due to the reality that directors are expected in practice, to generate profits, directors are wont to do illegal things that will lead to higher profitability. They are also likely to ignore other peoples claims and legitimate needs in order to attain high profitability. From another angle, managers and directors want to remain in the good books of shareholders and guarantee shareholders expectations of higher dividends. They are therefore likely to present misleading reports that will allow them to remain in office as directors. Thus, the fiduciary duty of operating in good faith is often missed and directors use ways and means to attain results. b) To a large extent, I agree with this assertion. This is because in reality, a director works under so many constraints. And if that is the case, a director will be forced to do things that might not be in the best interest of everyone. From another perspective, it is practically impossible for a manager or director to meet all the expectations and demands of stakeholders. So a director will have to

OHS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

OHS - Coursework Example The nurse only did what she had to do to the best of her ability with disastrous consequences. By using the Systems Approach to Occurrence Causation (SAOC), we can conclude that the cause of the occurrence can be traced to several factors that combined to bring about the event. We can start of by pointing out that the nurse was on duty unsupervised. This was of course what led to the patient sustaining the overdose which led to the brain hemorrhage that killed her. The second cause can be attributed to the nurse not having proper knowledge concerning the dosage required for the child and as such ended up giving ten times more than was required and the child’s system could not handle this. Third we can attribute the occurrence to a failure by the hospital to implement proper guidelines that would have prevented the nurse from administering the medicine without a doctor’s supervision. Lastly the medicine was administered at a time off the usual routine which made it hard for the doctor to be available as per schedule which could have negated the need for the Nurse to do the administration of the medicine alone without supervision. The other cause can be put down to understaffing at the hospital which meant there was no qualified pediatrician when the Nurse was doing her rounds administering the medicine. In this incident, the energy in this scenario is the medicine being administered and we can identify the administration of the medicine as the source of risk especially without proper supervision. A hazard is a source of potential harm in terms of human injury, ill-health and damage to property, the environment, or a combination of these. In this case, we can pinpoint the hazard as being the drug administered by the nurse. This case can also be used to express an example of psychosocial hazard. The work conditions were liable to cause the

Jaguar Strategic Analysis

Jaguar Strategic Analysis INTRODUCTION: Jaguar Land Rover Cars (JLR), is one of the largest car manufactures around the world. It was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle fanatics i.e. William Walmsley and William Lyons as Jaguar. Its products are luxurious and of high superiority.Jaguar hire above 16,000 individuals, mainly in the UK (Ford Motors, 2009). As we know that Car trading is a very lucrative business, and this is the reason that most car manufactures industries are upgrading their market mix so as to encounter their clients demand and also tie the market race. This is a developed market and there is entry fences forced mostly for the novices. This business definitely, requires sufficient resources and heavy savings as a source of resources, and also solid technological experience. (Thomson 2008) This report is an analysis of assignment 1 in order to identify the Jaguars developments and impact. The report covers critical analysis on the companys operations, structure, external environment, the strategy of the organization regarding its suitability and ability to report the macro-environmental and industry trends, product and service offerings and corporate actions, of the company OVERVIEW: Jaguar main marketing objective is to reinforce its brand fairness and to attain retailing range. The objective requirements are to tie the gap among its customers and its actual performance (Daye VanAuken, 2009). The Jaguar wishes to achieve its social responsibilities and have courage to join in in partnerships with other organizations and NGOs to aid progress; the locale and support the shareholders in building the community relations. As this report is an analysis on my assignemt1. In pervious assignment I have made following findings. The terminologies connected to business environment both micro and macro of the company JAGUAR. Their aims, market share and competitive advantage Business strategy Problems that hinder in the companys success and also suggests the best fit approach for Jaguar Report evaluates and analyses different methodologies like SWOT Analysis, PEST analysis and micro and macro environment of jaguar In my previous work i studied external environment of jaguar in which i studied aboutPESTL,PORTERfive forces andSWOT analysis. According to my study i have made following analysis of jugular company. According to PESTLE analysis Jaguar Company faces political, economic, social, technological and legal issues. According to political aspects company has stable interest in decreasing carbon emissions from vehicles and factories. So; there is increased need for any alternative of fuel sources. Economically people are less motivated to priced cares because jaguar lacks economical cars. Socially people wanted Sports cars are less wanted because they are not environmentally friendly. Technologically Jaguar have need to advance hybrid or electric carsLegallyJaguar should need to acclimatize the method in which company work to put up new rules or laws. According to porter five forces analysis buyers of jaguar want jaguar appliances and engines in their cars. Suppliers of jaguar are the people who deliver parts and machinery. New competition to the jaguar can be from previous car corporations who may investigate the luxury car market, this competition can have from companies like Volkswagen, Ford, and Peugeot. Company can face rivalry from multiple companies like BENZ, BMW, Aston Martin, Porsche, and Bentley Mercedes Benz. Potential clients who may be watching for a high performance car can be persuaded by motorcycles as an alternative.in SWOT analysis Jaguars strength is due to its status for creating a range of top cars with its outstanding workforce. It also has strong position in research and growth. Weakness is lies in the fact that jaguar is not an eco-friendly company so; it may have negative influence on the company. (Duane Michael 2011) Jaguar must some opportunities like they can improve their outstanding standing for quality if they want to keep their competitive edge in the market.(Barney 2010) Threaten Jaguars strategic position is because of growing fuel pr ices, less throwaway income and changing interest. Governmental rules will also threaten Jaguar ANALYSIS:   Ã‚   Suitability: In my previous analysis I cover most of the macro-environment and industry analysis tools here I am recommending the use of strategic option of the organization. Jaguar aspiring development plans can only be reinforced by bringing novelty in innovative engines, products, and environmental technologies. The company has a complex strategy for placing itself as a foremost producer of best vehicles. The companys success is related to its investment in product growth, and is imitated in the RD, strategic emphasis on capital spending, and product design. The strategic position of Jaguar through the earlier examines seem to be strong within their target market. Jaguars aims to keep this position by development and research are certainly, that how they are keeping this position actually. If Jaguar needs to strengthen this position, though, they must expand their image as being ecological. This could be attained through their previously firm research and development. (Gov.uk, 201 7) ACCEPTABILITY: Principal risks. Global economic and geopolitical environment: Jaguar worldwide presence raises its contact to worldwide economic and geopolitical risks and external factors for example the current UK survey to leave the EU, political unpredictability, terrorism, wars, natural tragedies, epidemics, fuel lacks, and labor strikes. Environmental regulations and compliance: Jaguar has many strategies, laws and regulations that cover its environmental features connected to production services and vehicles; for example, fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions. Competitive business efficiency: Jaguar has started programs to enhance operating competence in response to the dynamic external setting including prevailing and developing modest challenges. Brand positioning: it is becoming gradually challenging as the broader motorized market and digital setting develops where new rivals are evolving and prevailing are growing. Product liability and recalls: This may interrupt existing and potential consumers to question about the superiority of Jaguar Land Rover products. Exchange rate fluctuations: This can drive to a important exposure to variations in foreign currency, particularly sales in US Dollars and Chinese Renminbi along with costs in Euro Global expansion: As global sales and industrial track increases company have risks as geopolitical risks, epidemics, natural tragedies, discrepancy and vagueness of economic and governmental rules, the interpretation of native laws and guidelines and taxation systems Distribution channel: A risk to consumer service could worsen. Patent and IP protection:Risks includebreach of intellectual property (i.e. copyright, designs trademarks, patents,). Unethical and prohibited business practices:As company increases global footprint they are bare to the potential risks related with diverse ethical values and cultural norms. (Bacon, 2009) (Full Issue PDF, Volume 41, Issue 4, 2016) FEASIBILITY: Use of estimates and judgments: The planning of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of definite grave accounting estimations. It also needs management to work out its judgment in the procedure of put on the companys accounting rules. Revenue recognition : It includes the quantities charged to clienteles outside the company and is measured at fair value of the concern net of discounts, receivable , sales incentives, client bonuses and rebates established, which can be recognized at the point of sale. Cost recognition: Expenditures are exploited where suitable in conformity with the policy for internally made intangible assets and signify stores and other manufacturing supplies, worker costs, and other expenditures experienced for product development assumed by the company. Government grants and incentives: Government endowments are known when there is assurance that the company will obey with the pertinent circumstances and the funding will be received. Government grants are documented in the income statement on a methodical basis when the company distinguishes, as expenses, the linked costs that the endowments are envisioned to recompense. Foreign currency: The Company has a practical and performance currency of GBP. Contacts in foreign currencies are noted at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Income taxes: they include present and deferred taxes. People and Skills: The essential capabilities within a company can be viewed as extents where the company is very good at and therefore set them separately from the competition. One of Jaguars extremely high qualities is its team of experts and motivated staff. This outstanding staff has a positive attitude on the rest of manufacture, e.g. tasks for example assembly and maintenance of offering sturdy and consistent vehicles, for which Jaguar is famous for. This is also the jaguars vision to produce desirable cars. (Ford Motors, 2009) The companys sustainability vision targets to guarantee their business although replying to worldwide trends and stakeholder requirements. Their strategy will aid to safeguard that sustainability is rooted at each stage of the life cycle of their products and at all stages of business. CHALLENGES: Through analysis I have discover one of the chief problems is Future profitability and the faith of shareholders. Company makes great performance and best vehicles; however, they do not want to have an important environmental outline. As a rising company, its more imperative than ever that we have a complete strategy prepared to decrease impact on the environment and exploit the optimistic welfares that business can bring (Wallace and Tovey, 2017) RECOMMENDATIONS To face the challenges we must react efficiently to numerous developing worldwide trends that are influencing the future of companys business. Away from the influence of products, supply chain operations and, we have a broader duty to provide benefits to the society and the economy. Companys Global Corporate Social Responsibility strategy helps to improve solutions for social and economic challenges. Areas of focus consist of proceeding knowledge by building engineering and science skills, emerging young engineers and backup technology businesspersons. (Pierini, Eckert, 2008) CONCLUSION This report has well assessed Jaguars strategic position and also known growing technologies and their influence on this position. The external environment was assessed and it showed Jaguars position in its related market zone. Five forces, PESTL and SWOT analyses were carried out to show how strong Jaguars place in their market was. Generally, Jaguar is very securely working as a leader in their market. REFERENCES: Jaguar (2013) JAGUAR[online] available from http://www.jaguar.co.uk [2013] Thomson, R 2008, Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jaguarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, Press release Ford Motors 2009, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸Tata Motors enter into Definitive Agreement with Ford for purchase of Jaguar Land Roverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, Press release Daye D, Van Auken B 2009. The Benefits of Corporate Brands. From (Retrieved 15 July 2009). Duane, I, Michael, A 2011, Understanding business strategy: concepts and cases: Mason, South-Western Cengage Learning Barney, J 2010, Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 17, pp.99 120 Bacon, N 2009, Competitive advantage through human resource management: best practice or core competencies? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ Human Relations, Vol.4, pp. 361 372 Huselid, A 2006, Strategic human resources management: where do we go from here? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ Journal of Management, Vol. 32, pp. 898 925 Gross, S 2009, End-of-life vehicles management in Europe: driving the change: Cases of Sweden and Germany. IIEE, Lund University Pierini, M Eckert, V 2008, Strategy-based approach to eco-design: Application to an automotive componentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, International Journal of Vehicle Design, vol. 6, pp 156-17 Gov.uk. (2017). Jaguar Land Rover: manufacturing more resource efficient cars Case study GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/jaguar-land-rover-manufacturing-more-resource-efficient-cars [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Wallace, T. and Tovey, A. (2017). UK firms from engineers to banks struggle to fill skills shortage. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/03/04/uk-firms-engineers-banks-struggle-fill-skills-shortage/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Full Issue PDF, Volume 41, Issue 4. (2016). Fisheries, 41(4), pp.157-212.

New Communication Structure Essay

Communication is important in every aspect of our lives. This is also true for the communication used in our professional lives. When at work we â€Å"depend on cooperation with others to accomplish our goals, and communication is the critical human process we use to promote such cooperation.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 1.1) Understanding communication is the best way to make sure it is being used effectively correctly. When communication is effective then organizational components will run smoother and efficiently. Smoother and effective communication means that an organization has a greater chance of following its mission and achieving its goals. Successful communication can be as important to organizational productivity as any other component used. There are five concepts that are important for successful communication within an organizational setting and this proposal will discuss their necessity in an organization. Culture is something that needs to be recognized and aware of whe n we are communicating with everyone. It is also important in organizational communication. Organizational culture includes the norms and attitudes of the organization. To support clear and effective communication in an organization the employees must be pay close attention the organizational culture. The process of socialization will also help an employee to adapt to an organization’s culture. The process of socialization is where, â€Å"established members of cultural groups educate others and enforce adherence to established cultural rules or norms for appropriate behavior.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 17) In understanding the norms in an organization communication will be smoother because there will be less chance for misunderstandings. An example of organizational culture would be the style of dress in the office. If an organization is one where the employees dress in suits and formal business wear then an employee who came to work in shorts and a t-shirt would affect  the culture in a negative way. Those communicating with those employees could become uncomforta ble, or distracted. This may result in avoiding communication with this employee and over all communication will breakdown. Avoidance of communication with only one employee is enough to cause a gap in efficiency. The book â€Å"Communications in Organizations† explains, â€Å"Strategic organizational communicators initiate and develop strong, effective, and satisfying relationships with others to promote cooperation and coordination in organizational life.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 15) Understanding the organizational culture also builds trust and respect among employees which in turn brings higher production. Paying attention to organizational culture helps to build the relational communication to support effective communication. Part of an organization’s culture is the forms of communication used. Informal and formal communications are two types of communication that play an important role in an organization. The difference in both forms of communication can be explained as â€Å"Formal patterns of organizational communication follow the power hierarchy within organizations, whereas informal patterns of communication do not necessarily follow along power hierarchy lines† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 1.5) Formal communication is used to address important job related material. Paying close attention when receiving or using formal communication will stop an employee from making a mistake and will also give them the information to be successful. However, when filtering through formal communications such as emails it is important to avoid information overload. Information overload takes place when, â€Å"so many different messages are impinging on a person that the person has difficulty making sense of all the information available.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 174) Scanning email for the most important and relative messages is a skill that is necessary but recognizing formal emails for their importance will ensure that the information involved will be received. In understanding the nuances of informal communication an employee can avoid getting themselves in trouble by offending a supervisor or missing important information. In regards to organizational communication conflict resolution can be the difference in success or failure when working with others to meet company goals. Conflict is inevitable, and happens when people communicate. It can come from assumptions, miscommunications, or one way communication. The good news is conflict can be turned into a positive thing. A quote in  the book, says An Introduction to Leadership, that, â€Å"The most important single ingredient in the formula of success is knowing how to get along with people.† (Weis, 2011, pg 2) Working through conflicts can build better communication skills, as well as trust and understanding. In using conflict resolution steps new and better ideas can be generated for the organizations. A gentleman named Mr. Tim Scudder wrote a book in which he describes five steps to conflict resolution. An interview he gave he made the point that in conflict â€Å"both parties want the same thing.† (Scudder, 2011) He also stressed the importance of anticipating conflict. By anticipating conflict an employee will take time to think, and in thinking they will realize that the person they may have a conflict with wants the same thing. This puts the employee in a positive frame of mind and helps to come to a reasonable solution for both involved. In the article â€Å"How to Deal with Annoying Co-Workers† gives a suggestion to help in dealing with co-workers. It suggests that, â€Å"With most types of annoying co-workers, the solution is simply to be straightforward and assertive.† (Green, 2011) Working through a conflict helps co-workers to come to a better understanding of each other. When people understand and respect each other communication is smoother and more effective. Once again, smoother and effective communication benefits the organization. Formal communication, informal communication, and conflict resolution involve two parties. Each of these communications involves a time where another party receives information. In face to face communication active listening is a technique that will ensure that messages are received correctly and will allow the listener to formulate the best response. Active Listening is not only an important part of conflict resolution but communication as a whole. Active listening means, â€Å"being fully engaged in paying attention to your relational partner’s communication with you. It is not just hearing skills. It involves paying close attention to your partner’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 4.3) In other words, it’s a way of showing respect for those you are communicating with. It sounds as simple as just listening but it’s not that simple. It takes a conscious effort to begin with before it becomes habit. If you are fully engaged in what your partner is communicating then you will get all of the information being sent. It may also evoke the norm of reciprocity which will have your partner giving you  their full attention. The norm of reciprocity is, â€Å"the urge to act in-kind that often encourages these relational partners to provide you with information and treat you similarly to the way you treat them.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 15) The importance to an organization of its members practicing active listening is participants receive all the information that is coming to them. This means that they have all they would need to know to complete their jobs successfully and meet organizational goals. Organizations have both formal and informal leaders. Formal leaders typically are ‘assigned their positions of authority within the organizational hierarchy and hold titles such as president, vice president, division leader, and manager.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 19) Informal leaders are little harder to define by position or tile but â€Å"emerge with organizational life based on credibility (usually a combination of charisma, dynamism, expertise, and trustworthiness), ability to accomplish complex tasks, and access to relevant information.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 19) Even if you are not a formal leader you can still have influence over others as an informal leader. Informal leaders are not defined by title but by quality of character. Understanding leadership strategies and what being a leader entails helps to motivate workers to meet organizational goals. It is important for organizational leaders be able to communicate in different ways for different situations. There are several different leadership strategies that can be employed for different situations. To understand leadership strategies it’s important to think about how leaders may see those under them. Douglas McGregor used X and Y models of leadership to explain the relationship between leaders and followers. Theory X makes the assumption about workers they do not like work and will do anything to avoid it. This model will make leaders be more directed because they think that is what workers prefer and need. McGregor’s Theory Y assumes that workers do not dislike work and will work hard if they feel the value of their effort. The Theory Y suggests that if workers are given a degree of autonomy and a chance to use their imaginations they will strive to be successful in their tasks. Depending on how leaders see workers can dictate their leadership strategies. One of three helpful leadership styles is the autocratic leadership style. This is a leadership style that would come from a leader who is a believer in Theory X. An autocratic leader â€Å"makes most  organizational decisions without consulting with others. The leader calls all the shots, tells workers what to do and how to do it.† (Kreps, 2011; sec 7.6) This type of leadership style would have little use for upward communication from those who follow. Upward communication is, â€Å"communication that travels up the power hierarchy.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 10) This would be difficult for a leader who believes in Theory X because, â€Å"upward communication enables workers to express their concerns and ideas, to provide and ask for feedback, and seek clarification from managers.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 10) The autocratic leadership style is best suited not for driving workers but in emergency situation where there is little time for collaboration. Organizational participants would appreciate a direct approach in times of pressure. On the opposing side of autocratic leadership is democratic leadership style. When using the democratic leadership style you, â€Å"share responsibility and involve other organizational participants in decision making, although the process for the final decision may vary from the leader having the final say to them facilitating consensus in the group.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 7.6) This type of leadership style is something that followers respond positively to. It also bolsters the leader’s position because the workers feel a â€Å"buy in† to the process. This is something that Theory Y talks about. The ability of helping the workers feel that their efforts and work are valued, and helping them to see the value. The drawback to this type of style is that it is time consuming, and can lead to conflict if not used correctly and in the right situation. Lastly, there is the laissez-faire leadership style. The laissez-faire leadership style would have the leader, â€Å"share power with workers and delegate decision-making authority to those individuals who are directly involved in the decision-making situations.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 7.6) This leadership style could be considered an extension of the democratic leadership style. In using this style it is important for a leader to know the capabilities of those under them. The employees under this leader must be experienced and skilled in the tasks that they are being given a degree of control over. This type of leadership style will help a leader delegate those things they have little time for. Delegation is an important skill. In the article â€Å"A Tool Kit for the Real World† it says that, â€Å"Business people don’t get accolades for being smart, but for being effective. That is measured in  things like increased sales, increased earnings and an increased number of licensing agreements. Not, alas, by the fruition of one employee’s great idea.† (Motluk, 2011) However, this should not be used as a way of having others do their work for them. This would be damaging to the leader and certainly the organization in that it can bring a degree of disorganization that would be extremely difficult to correct. The leadership strategies above are mentioned because they show the need for a leader to be able to decipher the right strategy for the right situation. Each has one distinctive way to deal with leading and each has its drawbacks when used outside of its best application. Therefore the situational model of leadership may be the best strategy when it comes to leadership. The situational model of leadership is, â€Å"based on the assumption that there is no right way of leading. Rather, the best leaders adapt to the unique situational constraints to exhibit the appropriate leadership style for the situation.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 7.6) A leader must be able to analyze situations, those involved, the choices, and the preferred outcome. If it’s an emergency and little time involved then use the autocratic leadership style. When time is available to employ upward communication, and bolster workers self esteem and organizational value a leader should employ democratic leadership style. If a leader is feeling overwhelmed or they are feeling pulled in too many directions, perhaps a laissez-faire leadership style might help to delegate tasks to that can handle them. Understanding leadership strategies helps to use communications with workers that will work best in certain situations. The most important thing about communication in the work place is awareness. As the book â€Å"Communications in Organizations† points out, â€Å"Organizations and the way they communicate play critical roles in our lives.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 25) The key to effective communication is awareness. All of the five concepts of organizational communication mentioned above have some type of awareness piece built in. Communication is smoothest when those communicating are aware of those they are communicating with, their culture, and their style of communication. Thinking before speaking, anticipating change and conflict, and knowing what actions to take will help a leader communicate effectively with workers. After presenting the five concepts for successful communication within an organizational setting above it is clear to see their necessity for  successful communication. References Kreps, G. (2011). Communications in Organizations. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Green, A. (2011, January 6). How to Deal With Annoying Co-Workers. Retrieved from http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2011/06/06/how-to-deal-with-annoying-co-workers Motluk, A.(2011) A Tool Kit for the Real World. Retrieved from http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19969-a-tool-kit-for-the-real-world.html?full=true (2011). Tim Scudder Interview. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_E7YVkjJQ0 Weiss, J. (2011). An Introduction to Leadership. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

The Effect Of Cisplatin On Cell Division Of Escherichia...

Introduction Cisplatin (figure 1a) is a platinum derived alkylating-like, anti-proliferative compound and is also known as cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP). It is one of the most effective anti-neoplastic drug that is used in the treatment of several neoplasias such as lung, ovarian, bladder and testicular cancers 1. It was synthesised in 1844 by M. Peyrone (figure 1b). However, it did not attain any scientific importance until 1965, when Rosenberg, Vancamp et al at Michigan State University discovered that platinum electrodes were able to inhibit cell division of Escherichia Coli bacteria. This discovery led to a further investigation of cisplatin effects on cell division in different tumor cells. It was shown to have anticancer activity and was the first platinum cytotoxic drug approved by food and administration authority (FDA) in 1978 2. Figure 1a: cisplatin structure 1. Figure 1b: synthesis of cisplatin 3. A normal cell replicates and divides into two cells which in turn divide into four daughter cells and so on by DNA replication in mitosis. As the cell grows old, it dies because of the programmed cell death known as apoptosis. The dead cells are then replaced with new cells. However when the DNA of the cell is damaged, for example when there is a genetic change such as DNA mutation or defective protein synthesis, the cell becomes abnormal. It begins to divide uncontrollably and forms a growth (cancerous tumour), in contrast to the normal cell in which