Is the Constitution a Living Document

â€Å"Is the Constitution a living document? † Well the meaning of the living document is the provisions by which it may be altered in order to remain current, address unforeseen circumstances and make legal provisions for those accordingly. By being a â€Å"living† document, the Constitution has grown and expanded, and now ensures women and minorities the right to vote among many other things. Most justices agree that the writers of the Constitution prudently chose to write this document in general terms so that modern-day justices can still apply its precepts to a world with changing laws, attitudes, and conditions through successive generations.Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes first advanced the concept of a living Constitution in 1920 in his opinion on the case, Missouri VS Holland. A second, and more controversial, view of a living Constitution contends that when the elected legislative and administrative agents of the government fail to redress a wrong or solve a par ticular social problem, then the courts may act to remedy the situation through the process of judicial review. Our written Constitution, the document under glass in the National Archives, was adopted 220 years ago. It can be amended, but the amendment process is very difficult.The most important amendments were added to the Constitution almost a century and a half ago, in the wake of the Civil War, and since that time many of the amendments have dealt with relatively minor matters. The American Constitution is long-lived, has enduring qualities, and was intended for many decades. The living document was founded on enduring principles, and was based on the authority of a people who are sovereign has been attested to by many of its leaders. That it can be changed when, and if, the people ordain such change is a part of its own provisions. For these reasons, it can be said to be a â€Å"Living Constitution†. Is the Constitution a Living Document â€Å"Is the Constitution a living document? † Well the meaning of the living document is the provisions by which it may be altered in order to remain current, address unforeseen circumstances and make legal provisions for those accordingly. By being a â€Å"living† document, the Constitution has grown and expanded, and now ensures women and minorities the right to vote among many other things. Most justices agree that the writers of the Constitution prudently chose to write this document in general terms so that modern-day justices can still apply its precepts to a world with changing laws, attitudes, and conditions through successive generations.Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes first advanced the concept of a living Constitution in 1920 in his opinion on the case, Missouri VS Holland. A second, and more controversial, view of a living Constitution contends that when the elected legislative and administrative agents of the government fail to redress a wrong or solve a par ticular social problem, then the courts may act to remedy the situation through the process of judicial review. Our written Constitution, the document under glass in the National Archives, was adopted 220 years ago. It can be amended, but the amendment process is very difficult.The most important amendments were added to the Constitution almost a century and a half ago, in the wake of the Civil War, and since that time many of the amendments have dealt with relatively minor matters. The American Constitution is long-lived, has enduring qualities, and was intended for many decades. The living document was founded on enduring principles, and was based on the authority of a people who are sovereign has been attested to by many of its leaders. That it can be changed when, and if, the people ordain such change is a part of its own provisions. For these reasons, it can be said to be a â€Å"Living Constitution†.

Linguistic imperialism Essay

Linguistic imperialism can be defined as the enforcement or imposition of one language onto another; it tends to be a key tool of the colonialist seeking to mend the ‘backward’ societies that they find, generally to their own purpose. Thus, writers such as Friel and Achebe have sought to rectify the still ever present colonialist perceptions of the west by attacking the use of language in their societies, for example, Hiberno-English in Translations. Furthermore, it is necessary to analyse the form and structure of the primary texts, for instance, how Achebe and Friel both manage to structure their texts in such a way that it gives a distinctly ‘foreign’ aesthetic, whilst still creating a subtly intelligent and critical narrative. Also, it is important to look at the literary techniques and devices that are used within Translations and Things Fall Apart, for example, dramatic irony (e. g. the reference to the potato famine in Translations) or symbols like Mr. Brown in Things Fall Apart, who represent a could-have-been harmonious presence between two vastly different cultures. In addition, it is necessary to contrast and compare the primary texts with secondary texts such as Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s ‘The Language of African Literature’, and analyse how relevant or constructive Things Fall Apart and Translations are in their underlying criticism of linguistic imperialism. Overall, it is a crucial to explore these various threads of investigation to come to an overall conclusion in terms of how Friel and Achebe present the issue of linguistic imperialism and how successful they are. George Steiner, in After Babel, writes that â€Å"Translation exists because men speak different languages† (1998, p. 51). He goes on to question it, by asking â€Å"Why should human beings speak thousands of different, mutually incomprehensible tongues? † (1998, p. 51), that homo sapiens are basically biologically the same; why have we not evolved to speak one common language? Steiner’s study of language and communication concludes that with the death of a language comes the dissolution of cultures and identities: â€Å"Each takes with it a storehouse of consciousness† (1998, p.56). This was of consequential influence to Brian Friel and Translations, notable throughout the play. For instance, the various ways in which Friel portrays translation – the cartographers; Owen’s â€Å"not-completely-correct† translation of Lancey; Maire and Yolland’s romantic tryst and so forth – create the notion that the English language is not compatible with Irish culture. This is an overarching idea that reaches its crescendo with the Donnelly twins, Friel’s representation of the Provision IRA within the play i. e. the violent end of Yolland, inferred by the actions of the Donnelly twins, is an echo of 1980s era conflicts. These conflicts were created by tensions still remaining today, by Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland; the Catholics calling for the reunification of Ireland, and Protestants wishing to remain separated – realistically, these tensions would have not necessarily existed had there been no British colonising of Ireland, and Translations has been identified as echoing Friel’s political interest in the matters. The reader or audience of Translations are bound by Friel to a highly complex idea of translation and the place of language in a culture; similarly, we are made aware of this in Things Fall Apart. One of the most accessible passages that exemplify this goes as follows: â€Å"When they had all gathered the white man began to speak to them. He spoke through an interpreter who was an Ibo man, though his dialect was different and harsh to the ears of Mbanta. Many people laughed at his dialect and the way he used words strangely. Instead of saying ‘myself’ he always said ‘my buttocks’. † (Things Fall Apart, p. 136) Subtly, Achebe feeds the reader linguistic perspective alien to most Western culture – that Africa was not, and is not, a land full of savages who cannot communicate as well as the Europeans, and instead a variety of different tongues that is not necessarily exactly recognisable from one clan to another. In regards to Translations, Friel has been left relatively unscathed by those in Ireland who may have felt abandoned by Friel’s artistic decision to employ Hiberno-English as opposed to contemporary Gaelic, whilst both authors have clearly chosen English as a medium to address linguistic imperialism (using the tool of colonialism against the colonialists). Achebe has been highly criticised for writing in English. Ngugi wa Thiong’o criticised African authors who chose English over their native tongue to write in. He asked â€Å"How did we arrive at this acceptance of ‘the fatalistic logic of the unassailable position of English in our literature’, in our culture, and in our politics?†¦ † (1995, p. 287) Thiong’o goes on to say that as the bullet is to physical subjugation, â€Å"language was the means of spiritual subjugation† (1995, p. 287). To understand Thiong’o’s logic, the reader needs to take into context a passage further on in the essay, which refers to his experiences at a colonial school and the use of his mother tongue, Gikuyu: â€Å"Thus one of the most humiliating experiences was to be caught speaking Gikuyu in the vicinity of the school. The culprit was given corporal punishment – three to five strokes of the cane on bare buttocks – or was made to carry a metal plate around the neck with inscriptions such as I AM STUPID or I AM A DONKEY †¦ † (1995, p. 288) Thiong’o is asserting that the use of English was imposed upon many of the African tribes and with it the enforcement of superiority and supposed civilisation†¦ to use Gikuyu was to be made to feel inferior and stupid, and to speak English fluently would be the height of education achievement. A further statement by Thiong’o states â€Å"Literary education was now determined by the dominant language while also reinforcing that dominance. Orature in Kenyan languages stopped. † (1995, p. 288). The loss of such orature and its replacement by the English written word was heavily destructive, according to Thiong’o – he concludes the essay be acknowledging that human society and culture is formed by the interactions and communication of people, that complex systems of ethics and experience, these systems creating one distinctive society from another. If the means of communication that has developed such a community is, like Tobair Vree in Translations â€Å"something is being eroded† (p. 53), or destroyed, then, much like Steiner, that society is lost. To Thiong’o, Achebe’s use of English over his native tongue is, rather than delicate manipulation for the anti-colonialist purpose, actually conducive in destroying that particular culture forever. However, despite Thiong’o’s clear dissatisfaction at Achebe’s use of the English language as a general point, this point could be considered moot. Early on in the essay, Thiong’o quotes Achebe as saying: â€Å"Is it right that a man should abandon his mother tongue for someone else’s? IT looks like a dreadful betrayal and produces a guilty feeling. But for me there is no other choice. I have been given the language and intend to use it. † (1995, p. 285 citing 1975, p. 62) This is evident in the careful construction and consideration of Things Fall Apart. Achebe has written a novel in which the reader could easily imagine themselves around a blazing fire with an elder of a Nigerian clan, with the story being meticulously recited to them. The rhythm of the novel is manipulated in such a way that it becomes less like an English-written novel and more a native piece of orature. For example, Achebe makes good use of drums in the novel, to create the rhythm of the traditional narrative: â€Å"Just then the distant beating of drums began to reach them†¦ the drums beat the unmistakable wrestling dance – quick, light and gay, and it came floating on the wind. † (Things Fall Apart, p. 41) A further use of language to create an ‘African English’ is the utilisation of proverbs, which play a central part in emphasising the Ibo culture, as â€Å"proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten†. In addition, Achebe ‘peppers’ Things Fall Apart with Ibo words – this digression is an act of defiance to the colonists who felt they could just translate Ibo culture (religion, education and so forth). By this, Achebe means to illustrate the barriers of translation, in that there is no suitable word for, as an example, ogbanje, â€Å"one of those wicked children who, when they died, entered their mother’s womb to be born again†. Similarly, Achebe’s conquest to turn the Colonialist’s language back in on itself, Achebe wrote an essay called ‘An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness’. Achebe analyses Western views of Africa (such as those of â€Å"that erudite British Historian Regius Professor of Oxford, Hugh Trevor Roper† (Achebe, 1961)) in stinging rhetoric which delivers the idea of that prolific early ‘anti-colonialist’ novelists like Conrad were, maybe unwittingly, racist in themselves. Achebe writes: â€Å"Conrad was born in 1857†¦ it was certainly not his fault that he lived†¦ [in a] time when the reputation of the black man was at a particularly low level. But†¦ there remains still in Conrad’s attitude a residue of antipathy to black people†¦ Certainly, Conrad had a problem with niggers. His inordinate love of that word itself should be of interest to psychoanalysts. Sometimes his fixation on blackness is equally interesting as when he gives us this brief description [of a black person]: A black figure stood up, strong long black legs, waving long black arms†¦ as though we might expect them to†¦ wave white arms! † (Achebe, 1961) In this short except, it is noticeable how Achebe associates Conrad’s conduplicatio of ‘black’ as sinister, and potentially in itself, a form of linguistic imperialism – in this, it is the fact that the word black (and nigger) has previously been held to have negative connotations or was created for a negative purpose, but both create a â€Å"‘reputation of the black man†¦ at a particularly low level† (Achebe, 1961). Achebe also goes on to say that these psychoanalysts who have already written at length about Conrad fail to recognise his attitude to black people, even in discussion over anti-Semitic values, â€Å"which only leads one to surmise that Western psychoanalysts must regard the kind of racism displayed by Conrad as absolutely normal† (Achebe, 1961) and that this same book of â€Å"vulgar fashion prejudices insults from which a section of mankind has suffered untold agonies† (Achebe, 1961) has been â€Å"described by a serious scholar as ‘among the half dozen greatest short novels in the English language† (Achebe, 1961). From this, the audience of this essay can understand that Achebe, in as short a summary as possible, suggests that one of the most famous – or in this case infamous – novellas to be written on the subject of Africa by a European stranger epitomises how the English language has been used as Thiong’o’s subjugation of the soul – even if Conrad’s intentions in writing it were not consciously racist, in trying to purvey a certain message he colonised the African peoples by associating them with pejoratives and otherwise negative descriptors. Friel and Achebe are both influential authors for similar reasons; they attack subversive, modern perceptions of ‘lost’ worlds that have in recent years movements like African National Congress in South Africa and the IRA in Ireland sought to revert nation-states to their ‘natural’, pre-colonial state. In this, they have both similar and not so similar approaches to literature, and have incorporated techniques to manipulate ideas incorporated in their book. For example, both authors make use of particular styles of writing to mimic the native language whilst writing in the colonial language (i.  e. English). In Friel’s case, this is Hiberno-English, which is a form of Irish that retains its Gaelic lexical structure whilst being spoken in English, for instance, when Doalty says to Manus â€Å"Hi, Manus, there’s two bucks down the road there asking for you† (Translations, p. 46) – in strict grammatical terms, Doalty’s syntax does not make sense in proper English, demonstrating inherent intimacy and deitis. Friel is applying the idea of Continual Presence of Gaelic to the English language. This application is also a theatrical device – or conceit – whereby Hugh is usually portrayed with an English accent, as he does not use Hiberno-English. Similarly, Achebe put simply, â€Å"both in vocabulary and sentence structure, he opts for the straightforward instead of the obtuse† (Easthope, 1988) and in doing so imitates traditional Ibo storytelling. Another literary device used by Friel and Achebe in their respective texts is their use of symbolism. In Things Fall Apart, Achebe uses locusts to symbolise the invading colonialists: â€Å"And then the locusts came†¦ the elders said locusts came once in a generation, reappeared every year for seven years and then disappeared for another lifetime. They went back to their caves in a distant land, where they were guarded by a race of stunted men. † (Things Fall Apart, p. 51) The above quote inferences that the locusts are the colonialists, by Achebe carefully alluding to the ‘race of stunted men’ that lives in a ‘distant land’. Achebe goes on: â€Å"Then quite suddenly a shadow fell on the world†¦ At first, a fairly small swarm came. They were harbingers sent to survey the land. And then appeared on the horizon a slowly moving mass like a boundless sheet of black cloud drifting towards Umuofia. † (Things Fall Apart, p. 52) In this, Achebe’s symbolism is clear – those like Mr. Brown and initial missionaries were assigned only to convert those ‘African savages’ into morally correct Christians, and to some extent allowed their cultures to live as congruently as possible. It is only with the materialisation of the District Commissioner who declares the Ibo people to be â€Å"in the dominion of our queen, the most powerful ruler in the world† that this comes to a head. Achebe foreshadows the ‘jumping ship’ of characters like Nwoye, by referencing the consumption of the locusts – such members of the community have consumed the colonialist culture, in all its forms, including language. Unlike Achebe’s extended metaphor of the locusts, Friel uses a passing, but nonetheless poignant, subtle symbolic reference to the potato famine. Bridget proclaims â€Å"†They say that’s the way it snakes in, don’t they? First they smell; and then one morning the stalks are all black and limp† (Translations, p. 18) with Maire exclaiming: â€Å"Sweet smell! Sweet smell! Every year at this time somebody comes back with stories of the sweet smell. Sweet God, did the potatoes ever fail in Baile Beag?†¦ There was never a blight here†¦ but we’re all sniffing about for†¦ a disaster. † (Translations, p. 18) This is symbolic of the rotting Irish culture, and failing language as contextually the potato was the staple foodstuff. The potato famine was not only symbolic, but also highly ironic – when Maire says â€Å"did the potatoes ever fail in Baile Beag? † the audience knows fully well that they would. This device, more specifically referred to as ‘dramatic irony’, is used often by Friel in Translations, and serves to foreshadow eventual destruction too. Another use of it is Hugh’s recital of The Aeneid: â€Å"†¦ Such was – such was the course – such was the course ordained – ordained by fate †¦ What the hell’s wrong with me? Sure I know it back ways, I’ll begin again. Urbs antiqua fuit†¦ † (Translations, pp. 90-91) This is doubly ironic, as on the one hand, Hugh cannot seem to fully remember it – Latin and Greek are often referenced throughout the play by Jimmy Jack and Hugh, both of them themselves being dead languages and cultures. Perhaps in further reference to After Babel by George Steiner, the fact that Hugh cannot remember it is a reflection of Gaelic – even intelligent scholars like him will eventually lose a tongue they have worked so hard to protect. A further projection of irony in Hugh’s recital is the content of Virgil’s The Aeneid. The Aeneid is a parallel between the destruction of Carthage, a city on the North African coast, by the Romans and the destruction of Baile Beag by the English. What is highly ironic about The Aeneid, and almost makes this piece of dramatic irony self-parodying, is that The Aeneid was written in the language of those that destroyed Carthage (the Romans). Again, irony is quite prevalent in Things Fall Apart with the most pertinent example falling, like Translations, at the end of the novel. This is the District Commissioner’s reaction to Okonkwo’s suicide: â€Å"Everyday brought him new material. The story of this man who had killed a messenger and hanged himself would make interesting reading. One could almost write a whole chapter on him. Perhaps not a whole chapter but a reasonable paragraph, at any rate. † (Things Fall Apart, p. 197) This is ironic because after the lengthy and tumultuous tale of Okonkwo and his struggles to not be like his father, the complex hierarchy of elders and the intricacy of Okonkwo and his struggles to not be like his father, the complex hierarchy of elders and the intricacy of their traditions and religion, the District Commissioner feels it can only ‘almost’ be written about in one chapter, and designates to only a paragraph. This is highly representative of the failure of the white man to ‘translate’ the Ibo culture and ability into being a highly complex culture, and instead treats the colonisation of the Ibo people as â€Å"The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger† (Things Fall Apart, p. 197). In conclusion, both Achebe and Friel carefully construct stories using literary devices that serve to recreate their personal heritage of a realistic and pitiful community who fall victim to unrepentant imperialism. In this, they have been able to repudiate colonial superiority in particular in regards to language and colonial ideas of ‘progression’. Whilst both portray three dimensional characters in that they are atomistic – for example, in Translations, Hugh’s view of the English is different to Owen’s which is in turn separate from Manus’s – and provides a highly explorative analysis of linguistic imperialism and its effect on individuals and the community. To summarise, all of the text referred to in this essay, in their own ways, are deeply critical of the effects of linguistic imperialism, particularly in the context of colonialism and so-called ‘progression’.

Body Image Of The World

Media affects body image Body image is an idiosyncratic picture of one 's own physical appearance established both by self-observation and by observing the reactions of others. Whether it may be a magazine cover, commercial or the internet, the media 's false portrayal of perfection greatly impacts children and young adults. The media glorifies models and celebrities as figures of a higher standard, as icons of beauty and youth. Media features female models with tall, slender body types and male†¦ Body Image When I hear the word body image I began to shrink inside. I have never really been comfortable in my own skin. As a child I was my own worst critic; I hated the color of my skin, my weight, to my hair. As a child my relatives would always say I was dark. So, I hated my skin color. I always wanted to be lighter because it seemed that light-skinned girls my age that were light skinned were able to get whatever they wanted. From the time I was a little girl I told myself I would get†¦ conditioned to believe that our bodies are flawed. Projected by the media consumed, fashion modeled during Fashion Week, or critics online, the message is clear: we commit the crime of imperfection simply by existing. Society shames us for this, for not fitting into the unrealistic mold cast upon us. One of the primary sources of this is body shaming, which is simply defined as â€Å"shaming someone for their particular body type†. Living in the 21st Century, anyone can be subjected to body shaming. However, the†¦ a clear definition of abs. Long hair with curls that look like a picture perfect image on a magazine. That’s what an â€Å"ideal† body type is. Flawlessly beautiful. As a 5’0 muscular girl, body image has always something that been a traumatic issue for myself. Always feeling ashamed for the body that I have. Body image has been a road block of trying to fix myself, or to free the bottled up insecurities to accept the body, I have. Sometimes it can be the simplest of questions that can be the hardest to†¦ The impact of brands on body image Discuss the ways in which the idea of ‘Body Image’ is created through advertising and brand promotion. How is this reinforced by celebrity promotion? What potential damage can be done by certain Body Image prototypes? Are there examples of positive body image in advertising and branding? The area of research will be focussing on is an issue which has plagued the fashion conscious world for decades. The issue of body image, especially on women, and the impact advertising†¦ Sheppard Ads today draw us into the television with enticing, edgy images depicting women and men in sexualizing roles. However, women are repeatedly used as sexual appeals to promote the good of a product, but is the aim really to promote the product or the idea of gender roles in society? Society promotes that women should be the one to stay home and take care of their husbands to please them, so they create a visual image for men as to how they should treat their woman and how their woman should†¦ Body Image The perfect body is something that every person wants but very few posses. Many people will do just about anything to either fit in with their community or cover up their insecurities. Women are clearly more obsess with obtaining the perfect body more than men. From an adolescent’s viewpoint, a particular body image can be particularly dangerous because it can lead to a physiological obsession, eating disorders, and physical health consequences (Berger, 2014). Adolescents can become†¦ Fake Perfection Like snowflakes there is no one person who looks the same in the world. Even identical twins have a small difference that you would be able to tell them apart. What makes every person individually unique is our physical traitsÍ ¾ however, things like the internet, the social media, and television says otherwise. According to the media, every man must be handsome and muscular, and every woman must be fit and beautiful. An easy access to such technologies make it easier for people†¦ Perfect Body With an alarming 50 percent of 3-to-6 year old girls worrying about their weight, it makes you wonder, what are we doing wrong? (Hanes). If I were to ask you, what do you consider the perfect body, how would you respond? Most girls would reply: thin body, skinny waist, and big breasts. In today’s society, the media controls all aspects of our lives. From popular Smartphone applications such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tumblr to advertisements and movies, the media has managed to distort†¦ Mistura Olawore Shailen Mishra Final Draft 13 April 2015 Body Image and the Demand for Beauty in our Society In almost every advertisement today regarding a female, her image is tweaked, airbrushed, and cropped. Minimizing her waist, enlarging her features, raising her eyebrows, pronouncing her cheekbones, and airbrushing her skin are one of the many examples of how a woman’s image can be altered. The images of these perfect looking women are being placed in many advertisements. Young girls see†¦

Media Ethics in International Public Policy Essay

Media Ethics in International Public Policy - Essay Example The description of ‘linkage’ as presented above can be differentiated among researchers in political science. As an example, Luttbeg (1974, 3) describes ‘linkage’ as ‘any means by which political leaders act in accordance with the wants, needs, and demands of the public in making government policy’ (in Kennamer, 1994, 2). In accordance with the above, media can have their own way of influencing the development of social and political conditions around the world but their role can be limited in states where there are no wide borders for such activity – as par example in states governed by less democratic regimes. On the other hand, media can have a significant role in the presentation of political and social events around the world and in this way they can influence the international public policy as it is designed and applied by governments globally. Indeed, Spitzer (1993, 4) supported that ‘coverage of international crises may have a different policy consequence as well, in that media-supplied information may be useful, even vital in supplanting government-obtained information, and therefore in shaping decisionmaking’. The war in Iraq and the role of media in the presentation of the relevant events are used by the above researcher as an indicative example of the interaction between media ethics and international public policy. In the particular case, media around the world have been extensively criticized for their views regarding the reasons and the justification of the military intervention in the specific country. In a similar sector, this of the human rights, media have played a significant role in the identification and presentation of problems of citizens living in developing countries internationally. Regarding this issue, media ethics have been used in order to prevent the presentation of scenes that could possibly harm the human rights and indignity. On the other hand,

Hinduism and Buddhism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hinduism and Buddhism - Assignment Example Although it has well defined doctrines, in many ways Buddhism is identical to its mother religion Hinduism. However, there are numerous differing aspects that make both religions classical. Indian society during the Vedic period (Aryan Culture) consisted of four castes such as Brahmans (priests), Kshatriyas (kings), Vaishyas (farmers and business men), and Sudras (slaves). The noble castes Brahmins and Kshatriyas enjoyed all social privileges; and menial jobs were allotted to lower castes. Social and religious injustice prevailed over the community in the forms of ‘untouchability’ and discrimination. The Sudras in fact were the invaded Dravidians who were not at all considered as human beings. Brahmins were cherished as the noblest status of birth to attain God; and lower castes did not have access to spiritual secrets or Vedas. Buddha was born in the royal family of Shakya clan but relinquished all worldly possessions in search of the real cause of human suffering. Unlike others he showed great compassion to all human beings irrespective of their castes. His broad concept of human brotherhood gained wide appreciation among people of all classes and sects. Although Buddha wanted to renovate the social setup, he believed that it could be possible only through self reformation. According to Hinduism, human life is bound to unending cycle of death and rebirth. One needs to realize the individual soul that is ‘Atman’ as the initial step to attain the ultimate freedom. If Atman is the individual self, Brahma/God is the supreme universal self that is the true treasure of eternal happiness. Therefore the meaning of individual life is to attain the Brahma. This actualization or salvation is known as Moksha. However, one can not easily attain it because it is determined by the law of cause and effect that is Karma. To illustrate, the status of one’s birth is determined by the deeds/karma

Implicit Knowledge Assets in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Implicit Knowledge Assets in Healthcare - Essay Example In their drive towards improving efficiency and cutting cost, Knowledge Management has come as a concept with immense potential. The present case is of a Spine Unit in USA, which is in the environment as described above, and the paramount need is leveraging the potential of its two key assets, technology and knowledge in a manner which is able to enhance its efficiency and reduce costs. The Spine Care unit has rich knowledge assets comprising of surgeons and medical staffs from the disciplines of Neurology, Neuro-surgery, orthopedics, spine surgeons, psychologists, physical therapists and pathologists. It is a technology intensive unit with advanced technologies deployed at clinical side in the form of medical equipments and in the practice management side it has extensive IT facilities like Hospital Management Information System (HMIS).   The unit has well developed protocols based on data/information from NCQA, medical journals and its own systems. It is clear from the details th at the Spine Unit is not exploiting the potential of its implicit knowledge assets in a structured and strategic manner despite the fact that it has majority of KM technology in place.   The issue is to leverage the unit’s existing strength and deploy a full-fledged KM system. It is beyond doubt that knowledge and its management involves only one thing – people, all others are enablers. Larry Prusak says â€Å"Knowledge flows along existing pathways in organizations. If we want to understand how to improve the flow of knowledge., we need to understand those pathways.† [citation?] The KM solution for the Spine unit has to exploit the KM concept which creates Communities of Practice, enhances sharing and enriching knowledge, promotes networking and bonding among employees. We see a gap in people focused KM mechanisms, systems and technologies. Proposed solution The objective is to create a KM system comprising of compulsory elements and voluntary elements of KM systems. It is with the approach of leveraging and integrating the exiting assets and existing IT technology Compulsory elements: At every decision point viz. admission of patient, diagnosis, surgery, post operative care, people concerned will be required to refer to the KM system. For example while making a decision to admit the patient one will be required to access the system and system will â€Å"Push† relevant information i.e. patient history, probable diagnosis, past experiences, experts list to ensure the best decision in a quick manner. [

Research Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Questions - Assignment Example Almost all areas of study are enhanced by field research, but in particular those that deal with humans as they relate to their environment are most assisted. Ethnography, Sociology, cultural anthropology, environmental and industrial psychology and of course forensic criminology as it relates to causation by environment and culture are all areas of study that must have a field work component to assure validity. Criminological theories such as Strain, Labeling, and the like have an environmental component that can best be assed via the field researcher’s involvement. 2: Certainly different research can require differing roles for the field researcher. The complete participant approach, the spy whose identity as observer is completely obscured to the participant, may at first seem the ideal approach. Like a double agent the complete participant is undercover and supposedly not affecting the participants. However, the fact that this role is assuming a part in the process must at last affect the results in some fashion. The participant as observer is similar to the above in that the researcher is identified as such but ensconced in the environment as well. This method adds some separation as this reveals the truth of the researcher’s intentions, however, the researchers can gain the trust of the participants in perhaps a more effective way. The next method, observer as participant, is again similar to the previous but there is more of a distinct separation between the researcher and the participant. There is very little trust gained and no i nformal associations created, it is almost the role of a survey taker who has extremely minimal interactions with the participant and creates a professional and formal setting, which may work for simple studies, but not more complex cultural analysis. Finally there is the role of complete observer, the voyeur, the eavesdropper who is

Do Latino Migrant and seasonal farm workers have a higher risk of Essay

Do Latino Migrant and seasonal farm workers have a higher risk of contracting cancer than other Latinos living in the US - Essay Example In addition, a failure to interpret the potential and cancer causing hazards that often accompanies the farm task could be attributed to the lack of knowledge by the Latinos on such threats. Also, a majority of these immigrant workers are not fluent in English, and it is therefore important that such risks are addressed in Spanish; ads the workers are more conversant in it. This study thus sought to identify the knowledge of the farm workers regarding the cancer properties of the nature of work that they handle, as well as the dangers that they are daily exposed to while mixing, loading and spraying these pesticides. More than two thirds of the respondents were male, and a similar number indicated that they could not leave their current job even in the face of health risks, citing financial constraints. It is paramount therefore that the plight of this minority group be addressed to avert the rising trend in cancer cases among the Latino farm workers, and their children. Almost 88 percent of all the farm workers found in the United States are Latinos. These workers, together with their families face exposures to pesticides on a regular basis, and this exposure has the potential of increasing prostrate cancer, lymphoma, as well as childhood cancers (Zham & Blair 1993). Yet, despite a reveal... ntific community and government officials have to a large extent overlooked the potential impact of a pollution of this kind on the health of these Latinos. Both the federal and state agencies rarely collect the relevant data. In addition, there are few studies that also address the environmental health risks that are capable of affecting the Latino communities (Zham et al, 1997).Majority of the government authorities, farm operators, the farm industry, and the landlords do not also provide the much needed warnings on the environmental health threats in Spanish. Consequently, a lot of the Hispanics are left without the much needed information that would otherwise enable them to evaluate the risks that faces them with regard to the environmental contaminants, be it at their jobs, or in the neighborhoods. In line with these observations then, it is the objective of this research report therefore to help in bridging the information gap, by way of analyzing both the existing data and doc uments on the pollution exposures, and the resulting health consequences ( in particular cancer). Literature review Latinos constitutes the largest minority group living in the United States. By 2002, nearly 40 million Latinos were living in the United States, and this was nearly 13 percent of the entire population of the United States (Variyam & Mishra, 2005). According to a recent study that was commissioned by the California cancer registry, 1,001 farm workers out of 140,000 Latino working in various farms in California were found to have been diagnosed with cancer for the period between 1973 and 1997 (Quandt et al, 2004) in comparison to the general population of the Latinos, those working as farm workers have a higher likelihood of developing stomach cancer by 69 percent, uterine

Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Assignment - Essay Example Our superior staff and workforce, however, have been able to contribute to our steady growth despite overall industry patterns. Our current expansion plans include adding a sizable number of professional, high-tech jobs requiring the skills that you possess. As a former employee, you would have a distinct advantage as a valuable addition to our staff. Many companies are reluctant to rehire their former employees, and EDS has carefully considered the effects of this course of action. We believe strongly that the events that led us to make this offer were the inevitable result of unforeseen business forces. EDS admires your sense of individuality and in no way feels that it reflects on your loyalty or commitment as a business professional. While we can not guarantee that a position will be available for you, or that you would return to your original title, we are open to discussing your future with EDS. I would like to say that we appreciate your past performance and hard work at EDS and sincerely hope that you would consider continuing our positive relationship. I'm confident that as EDS continues to innovate and expand, you could make an important contribution to the future performance and progress of EDS. Again, I would like to say that you have the background and knowledge we are seeking to move EDS forward into the future.

Human Resource Management in Construction Essay

Human Resource Management in Construction - Essay Example Training involves various methods and programs all with intentions of improving workers performance and also self-fulfilment. Due to current advancements, training applies to all kinds of employees from line workers to chief executive officer. Construction companies require a skilled workforce and thus encourage training to improve efficiency in their organizations. Developmental training programs involve broader skills that apply to a wider several situations. It will further increase the competence of the employees. According to the section, 42 of the Industrial Relations Act, 1990 stipulates for the formulation of draft Regulation of Practice by the Labour Relations Commission. The code of practice includes general guidelines on the application of grievance and disciplinary procedures. The law outlines principles of fair procedures between the employees and their employers. The procedures are necessary to ensure that claims are dealt with in relation the principles of natural justice and fairness. They are essential in maintaining discipline in the workplace by implementing disciplinary measures in a consistence manner that is fair to all people involved.2 The procedures have an advantage in that they allow for updating n reviewing periodically being consistent with changing circumstances and developments in the workplace and employment legislations. There are number of stages in handling discipline and grievance procedures. In the first instance, one needs to raise the issue with the immediate officer. If not solved the matter can progress to higher management following the agreed arrangements. According to Acas’ booklet â€Å"code of practice 1: Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures† (2009) Third party may be involved to aid in solving the issue. He may be either an internal or external mediator as long as he is not part of the disciplinary or grievance issue.3 Some cases will not be capable of being solved

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation Essay The theme for all Red Robin restaurants is â€Å"Red Robin†¦. Yum! † When thinking about this statement you really have to think about all that encompasses. What makes the food so good? Does the atmosphere make the yum factor even better? What about the staff how do they contribute to the yum factor of the food? For this evaluation I would like to explore this yum factor and truly understand what makes the Red Robin chain of restaurants stick with yum as a marketing tool to entice customers to come in. Firstly we will explore the atmosphere of the Red Robin restaurants and how the atmosphere adds to the yum factor. When you first walk into a Red Robin restaurant you are greeted by a friendly hostess who joyfully takes you and your party to your table. Once you are seated your server comes over to greet you and take your drink order. This is great for the yum factor because no one like to eat food in the mist of negativity, when you are in a place where the atmosphere is negative it just makes your whole entire experience bad. The one down side to this is that at times if you have children, you are still in the process of settling in; you are not quite ready for your server to come by and take your drink order because you have not even looked at the menu. Secondly we must discuss the staff and how they add to the yum factor for Red Robin restaurants. The staff at Red Robin is for about 95% of the time the friendliest and warm restaurant staff you will encounter. The staffs at Red Robin restaurants are very accommodating for anyone who needs to place a special order. They are also good about getting food to children first, especially if it is later in the evening and they are hungry. This ability to get what I desire to eat the way that I desire it without having to be reprimanded for substituting this for that or adding this or that, makes the yum factor so much better because it is truly what I want. However, the one con that I have seen of the Red Robin staff is that, they are not prepared for last minute large parties. There have been times when a group of friends have decided to just go and have a great time eating together, the staff takes about thirty minutes to get their selves together to be able to accommodate the crew. Lastly, we must discuss what makes the food so good and how it makes the yum factor. The food at Red Robin consists of burgers, French fries, select chicken products, salads and sandwich wraps. The burgers are considered gourmet because they have more than just your typical bacon, cheese, ketchup and mustard. The food theme for Red Robin is classic comfort with a twist of class to heighten your taste buds. On the other hand when it comes to the food some may find that the classiness of some of the items is too much for them. Some people just want a simple cheeseburger with no muss or fuss, and with all the gourmet burgers this may be a turnoff to those people. The uniqueness of the food is what gives Red Robin the yum factor, the food is comforting and the flavors are bold. In conclusion you can clearly understand how the staff, atmosphere and food at Red Robin restaurants live up you their motto â€Å"Red Robin†¦Yum! † When you have a great atmosphere, great staff, and food that delivers’ on the taste, you have a great recipe for the yum factor. When you are choosing a place to eat you want to choose a place where you have the full yum factor effect. Some restaurants may just have one or two elements of the yum factor, but if you are looking for a place with all three yum factors, then Red Robin is the restaurant for you.

Environmental Factors Essay Example for Free

Environmental Factors Essay (A) Selection of an Organization   Ã‚  M/S GE Tractors M/s GE Tractors produces tractors, and dairy machines. Tractors are allotted to the Michigan unit in view of its location in the natural market zone for tractors. To supplement GE tractor production, a second tractor assembly line for 45 HP and 59 HP tractors has been in operation since 1985 at Michigan to meet the requirements of tractors in that area. It diversified its product range to provide cushion for the cyclical variations in the market and position itself globally. Besides supplying its products all over USA it has made its position globally. It is exporting tractors and related dairy machines to Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, most of the European countries, Africa and Asian continent.   A specific goal of 7,000 tractors worth $50 million in the coming 1-3 years is targeted so that there is a sustained growth in volume say 5% per annum. (B)High-level domestic and global environmental factors that may impact the organization marketing decision Business planning is basically concerned with the structuring of the relationship between a business and its environment. The environment in which business operates has a greater influence on their successes or failures. There is a strong linkage between the changing environment, the strategic response of the business to such changes and the performance. It is important to understand the forces of environment the way they influence this linkage. The environment which is dynamic and changing holds both opportunities and threats for the organizations. The organizations while attempting at strategic realignments, try to capture these opportunities and avoid the emerging threats. At the same time the changes in the environment affect the attractiveness or risk levels of various investments of the organizations or the investors. The environment in which the business operates broadly consist of the  Ã‚   Political, Ethical, Social, Cultural aspects, Technological and the Ecological related issues like pollution, sustainability etc. The Technological temper and its progress has been the key driver behind the major changes witnessed in the environment making it increasingly complex. These factors often overlap and the developments in one area may influence developments in other. Careful analysis of the above factors helps in identifying major trends for different industries.   Changes in these external forces affect the changes in consumer demand for both industrial and consumer products and services. These external forces affect the above company i.e. M/s GE Tractors regarding the types of products produced, the nature of positioning them and market segmentation strategies, the types of services offered and choice of business. Therefore, it becomes important for the organizations to identify and evaluate environmental opportunities and threats so as to develop a clear mission, designing strategies to achieve long-term objectives and develop policies to achieve short-term goals. (C) Technology impacts the organizations marketing decisions Technological factors represent major opportunities and threats which must be taken into account while formulating strategies. Technological breakthroughs can dramatically influence the organization’s products, services markets, suppliers, distributors, competitors, customers, manufacturing processes, marketing practices and competitive position. M/s GE Tractors is investing heavily in R D projects to bring out new models   hence Technological advancements can open up new markets, change the relative position of an industry and render existing products and services obsolete. Technological changes can reduce or eliminate cost barriers between businesses, create shorter production runs, create shortages in technical skills and result in changing values and expectations of customers and employees. changing The impact of information technology (IT) which combines fruits of both telecommunications and computers has been revolutionary in every field. Not only has it opened up new vistas of business but also has changed the way the businesses are done. IT has specifically brought in another dimension Speed which organizations recognize as the additional source of competitive advantage beyond low cost and differentiation. Manufacturers, bankers and retailers have used IT to carry out their traditional tasks at lower costs and deliver higher value added products and services. (D)Importance of social responsibility and ethics as related to organizations marketing Social: Demographic characteristics such as population, age distribution, literacy levels, inter-state migration, rural-urban mobility, income distribution etc. are the key indicators for understanding the demographic impact on environment.   The growing number of senior citizens and their livelihood needs have been highlighted and the government is being forced to pay more attention in the form of social security benefits etc. Social attitudes, values, customs, beliefs, rituals and practices also influence business practices in a major way. Social values and beliefs are important as they affect the buying behavior. The spread of consumerism, the rise of the middle class with high disposable income, the flashy lifestyles of people working in software, telecom, media and multinational companies seem to have changed the socio-cultural scenario and these needs to be understood deeply. Values in society also determine the work culture, approach towards stakeholders and the various responsibilities the organization thinks of owing to its stockholders and the society. Ethics: Considering Literacy and the composition of literates in the country creates opportunities for particular type of industries and type of jobs. For example on one hand , the presence of multimillionaires in middle east countries encouraged many software giants to set up shops and on the other , the availability of cheap labor ,those countries have become a destination of labor intensive projects. Large labor mobility across different occupations and regions has cut down wage differentials and this has an impact for business to take the proper course. Understanding of the environment in which an organization operates is the foremost pre-requisite towards strategy formulation. The six broad dimensions which the framework provides of the environment are capable of giving a comprehensive overview of how things may be unfolding. The objective of the analysis should not only restrict to the present and past but the real focus should be on projecting the trends into future in order to get the real feel of the environment. This shall enable the firm to proactively strategize for future considering the environment it is going to face and the issues which will be of importance.

Comparing Current Economic Crisis And Great Depression Economics Essay

Comparing Current Economic Crisis And Great Depression Economics Essay Comparing current economic crisis and Great Depression. The current U.S economic crisis that begun August 2007 has plunged the country into a very dangerous phase in the U.S economic performance (Hilsenrath and Paletta, 4). The great decline in stock market which reduced spending and wealth among people resembles to the great economic depression (Katz, 10). The Great Depression was an economic recession that eroded stock market wealth and eventually spilled to other sectors of the economy (Hilsenrath and Paletta, 4). During the Great Depression, it has been recorded that Dow-gold ratio reduced substantially to a lower of 47 percent, most similar to the 42 percent experienced in the current crisis. The enraging crisis also foresaw crippling of most financial institutions due to bad loans and many banks had to freeze lending from 1929. There has been similar experience in the current crisis as the credit markets are on verge of collapsing. In 2008, sum credit in financial institutions has reduced by more than 250 percent while bad debt level has gone below 350 percent market (Waggoner, 1). The two crisis have shown similarities when comparing the trends in real estate. Like in the 1929 Great Depression, there has been a great overvaluation of the real estate. Problems in real estate have been the main factors contributing to the current crisis (Delong, 2). Under the global monetary system, dollar is converted with gold which means all the over currencies are only converted to gold or the Pound. However, this has become completely different since the dollar which is converted to gold has not been able to meet monetary conditions for conversion to gold standard which has destabilized world monetary system (Petrov, 2). Government response to the crisis is similar. In the current crisis, the United States government has signed a multibillion economic stimulus package totaling to $700 billion. This was a similar strategy which was taken in the Great Depression but in both economic crises, the economic stimulus package has not lived to its expectations (Stewart, 2). It is still acceptable to say that the current economic crisis resembles the great economic depression of 1929 because the high rates of unemployment that was witnessed during the depression has also affected the United State economy where many people have remained jobless and retrenchment rates have been at its peak. The current rate of unemployment stands at 6.1 percent which is even below the 1992 rate which was 7.8 percent. Similarly those still employed are under fear of loosing there jobs people anytime if efforts towards recovery does not succeed (Waggoner, 3). It is said that unemployment rate hit 10 % for the past two years. Research shows that the job crisis in America reached a point where both the underemployed and unemployed stopped searching for jobs and the rate of those looking for full time job but they could only get part time job reached 17.4 %. The rates of job crisis in America is said to be the highest figures in the world and continuity of such trends in Americ a will certainly change the new generation and the life course (peck, 2). The economic crisis in America forced president Franklin D. Roosevelt and the congress of the time to create FDIC with an aim of providing the federal state guarantee of deposits so the inception of FDIC in America granted people with certain amount of money guarantee of their money and those who deposited their finance with FDIC were very certain that their money was safe even if bank failure occurs (FDIC, 1). How U.S economic crisis is different from the great depression What need to be reflected first is that the 1929 occurrences were termed as a depression while the current situation in America is a recession. Scholars have said that the current economic crisis in United States is unlikely to culminate into the 1929 great economic depression. Some of the notable differences between the two include the following: During the economic depression the dollar was devalued relative to gold. Currently, there is absence of gold standard that serves as a restriction to the amount of money supply that can be expanded since the gold standard was abolished in 1971 thereby making the restriction of the dollar being tied to gold standards a nightmare in today world (Krugman, 3). During Great Depression, America economy was not ridden by bad debts as it is today. Currently, U.S economy has introduced credit cards that never existed in 1929. Similarly national debt and deficits in money available for spending was significantly lower than it is today where Americas debt is largely owned by foreigners who may easily devalue the dollar through selling dollar reserves and treasury bonds a decision that may lead to an international war. Although the economic crisis has caused pain in America economy for instance collapse in financial market, overvaluation of real estate, fall in energy prices, collapse of industrial centers and existence of recession in many sectors of the economy there are hopes that some cities will recover much better than before the occurrence of financial crisis since there are almost fifteen areas in the economy that are still expanding such as oil and natural resources (Florida, 4). Similarities between japans crisis of 1990s and the U.S Economic crisis The financial market stress that hit American economy resembles Japanese market crisis after 1997. Its recorded that various banking institutions and securities greatly affected financial markets thereby leading to increased crisis in the banking system of the two countries. Likewise asset market was greatly hit with no indications of bottoming out which is similar to American real estate market. It is also indicated that great losses were noted in the financial market where cases of bad loans were prevalent and this is said to have held the recovery of Japan economy (IMF, 1). In both economies, the economic crisis led to decline in consumers consumption habits since prices for goods were unaffordable thereby making consumers to minimize their spending potential with a view that in the near future prices will fall due to decline in demand. The period between 1980, Japanese monetary authorities flooded markets with liquidity so as to enhance the business to cope up with the rising value of Japanese yen. The excessive flow of money in the economy by 1990s led to immediate increase in the market value of equities and land since many investors directed their finances in real estate business (Posen, 6). Differences between japans crisis of 1990s and the U.S Economic crisis. Although the crisis in America and Japan were spearheaded by weak regulation and easy credit, policy makers argue that Japanese crisis looked larger than the American one because Japanese crisis stretched and affected the asset prices which were believed to be three to four times bigger than the American (Peck, 2). The banking crisis in the two economies shows that the American crisis was quite uncharacteristic since it shows household profligacy whereas the Japanese banking crisis comprised borrowing of finances by firms. In Japan for instance the sum bank losses on bad debts was almost 20% of the gross domestic product between 1993 to 2005 (Dick, 2008). Trends shows that policy response to the crisis in America were quicker and this made America move into the second of and manageable fiscal stimulus package. The U.S took quicker steps to revive the banks through the use of public funds within one year while Japan took eight years to recapitalize its banking systems (Mikitini, 2000). The lesson learnt from Japanese economic crisis is that the buying habits of consumers changes negatively when the rate of inflation is very high thus consumption rate of consumers decreases because they anticipate that prices of the products and services will fall in the near future where the will be able to buy at low prices and make some savings (Delong, 8).. It can be said that current governments came up with a number of policies to counter the effects of economic crisis for instance in America the federal reserve system kept the interest rates very low and expanded supply of money in the economy. Similarly many governments adopted the policy of reducing payments on housing loans. The strategy by federal government to inject more money into banking system in 2004 to 2006 helped increase the targeted federal money to more than the normal rate of 5% which reduced demand for houses thus fall in prices for houses hence solving the bubbles in the real estate management. Federal government also began bailing companies and banks that were collapsing such as GM, AIG and Chrysler and this helped to stimulate recovery of many banks and companies (Gene, 3). Work Cited Cavallo, Eduardo. Dealing with the crisis: Lessons from America. Retrieved Marc 6, 2010 from http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/3358, 2009. Florida, Richard. How the Crash Will Reshape America. Retrieved March 6, 20106 from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/03/how-the-crash-will-reshape-america/7293/, 2008. Hilsenrath, Jon S., and Paletta, Damian. Worst crisis since 1930s with no end yet in sight. Retrieved March 6, 20106 from http: //online.wsj.com/article/SB122169431617549947.html. 2008. Stewart, Heather. International monetary fund says U.S crisis is largest financial shock since Great Depression. Retrieved March 6, 20106 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/apr/09/useconomy.subprimecrisis, 2008. Waggoner, John. Is todays economic crisis another Great Depression? Retrieved March 6, 20106 from http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2008-11-03-economy-depression-recession_N.htm, 2008. Peck, Don. How a new jobless era will transform America? Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/03/how-a-new-jobless-era-will-transform-america/7919/, 2009. International monetary fund. Japans policy response to its financial crisis: parallel with the U.S Today. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2009/031909.htm, 2009. Dick, K. Nanto. U.S financial crisis: Lessons from Japan. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/110816.pdf, 2008 Shirakawa, Masaaki. Way out of economic and financial crisis. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/110816.pdf,2009. Mikitani, Ryoichi. Japans financial crisis and its parallel to America experience. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/319.html, 2000. Tabuchi, Hiroko. Japans stationery decade cautionery tales for U.S. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/13/business/economy/13yen.html, 2009. Katz, Richard. Todays Americas financial crisis is not like Tokyos lost decade. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from ttp://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64823/richard-katz/the-japan-fallacy. Bank of Japan. Way out of economic and financial crisis: Lessons and policy actions. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.boj.or.jp/en/type/press/koen07/ko0904c.htm, 2009. Posen, S. Adam and Mikitani, Ryoichi. Japans financial crisis and its parallel to U.S experience. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.amazon.com/Financial-Parallels-Experience-Institute-International/dp/088132289X, 2009. Federal deposit Insurance Corporation. Why FDIC was created in U.S. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.fdic.gov/about/learn/learning/why/index.html,2004. Krugman, Paul. Monetary policy. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/samuelson-friedman-and-monetary-policy/, 2009. Foreign policy. Top 100 global thinkers. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/30/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers, 2009. Delong, J. Bradford. The great crash and the great slump. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Crash14.htm, 1997. Beland, Daniel, and Francois vergniolle. Fighting big government. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LSyGk7VKC9CmgGkxbNp0mSm7LpLnv8K1tJY3jtmkhvJJGYsQ22pX!-1504265975!1494505646?docId=5006720711, 2005. Smiley, Gene. Great depression and current economic crisis. Retrieved March 6, 2010 from http://www.institute.sk/article.php?3100, 2009.

Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation Essay -- Business Management Sta

Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation History Of Starbucks Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Ziv Siegl founded Starbucks in 1971. Their goal was to sell the finest quality whole beans and ground coffees (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). In 1982, Starbucks had grown to five stores and started serving coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. Harold Schultz was employed as the director of retail operations and marketing. Harold Schultz convinced the founders of Starbucks to open a downtown Seattle coffee bar, which opened in 1984. With the success of Seattle coffee bar, Schultz left Starbucks to start his own company named Il Giornale. In 1987, Il Giornale acquired Starbucks retail operations for 4 million dollars. In addition, Il Giornale changed its name to Starbucks Corporation and opened locations in Chicago and Vancouver, B.C. (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). Starbucks continued its expansion throughout the late 1980 and beyond. In 1991, Starbucks became the first privately owned U.S. Corporation to offer stock options to part time employees (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). In the early 1990s Starbucks started setting up coffee shops in Nordstrom ¡Ã‚ ¦s department stores, Barnes & Noble bookstores and ITT/Sheraton hotels. In 1995, the corporation began selling compact discs and formed an alliance with the Canadian bookstore, Chapters Inc. In 2000, Schultz promoted Orin Smith to the position of CEO. Schultz remained chairman for the corporation. This allowed Schultz to focus on Starbucks ¡Ã‚ ¦ global strategy. Starbucks operates and licenses more the 7,500 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. Coffee Industry In the United States, coffee is the second largest import (Roosevelt, 2004). Furthermore, the United States, consumes one-fifth of all the worlds ¡Ã‚ ¦ coffee (Global Exchange, 2004). The present industry is expanding. It is estimated that North America ¡Ã‚ ¦s sector will reach saturation levels within 5 year (Datamonitor. n.d.). According to National Coffee Association (NCA), 8 out of 10 Americans consume coffee. In addition, it is estimated that half of the American population drinks coffee daily. The international market remains highly competitive. It is estimated that 3,300 cups of coffee are consumed every second of the day worldwide (Ecomall, n.d.). The latest trends included dual drinkers, an increase in senior citizens... ...ll us how we are doing. We appreciate your business and want to make sure we meet your expectations. Attached you will find a coupon good for 1 free coffee. Thanks again, for your time and patronage. How often do you visit Starbucks? DAILY ONCE/WEEK OR MORE 2 TO 3 TIMES A MONTH ONCE/MONTH EVERY 2-3 MONTHS 2-3 TIMES A YEAR OR LESS Overall, how satisfied are you , with [PRODUCT/SERVICE]? Please answer using the rating scale where (5) means "extremely satisfied" and (1) means "very unsatisfied." VERY UNSATISFIED UNSATISFIED SOMEWHAT SATISFIED VERY SATISFIED EXTREMELY SATISFIED How likely are you to use/purchase [PRODUCT/SERVICE] again? DEFINITELY PROBABLY MIGHT OR MIGHT NOT PROBABLY NOT DEFINITELY NOT NEVER USED Would you recommend [PRODUCT OR SERVICE] to others? DEFINITELY PROBABLY MIGHT OR MIGHT NOT PROBABLY NOT DEFINITELY NOT NEVER USED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What recommendations would you offer for improving [PRODUCT/SERVICE]? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Essay --

Pump Up that Seawater! A Remix of Traditional Freshwater Hydro Systems Hydroelectricity is a super clean energy source that emits minimal pollution. However most dams and structures used to gather hydroelectricity can be placed in limited locations. This is because hydroelectricity today requires two reservoirs of fresh water. It is well known that freshwater is very limited while we have an abundance of seawater, which many scientists believe is supposedly a waste and can’t be used for anything. To harness hydroelectricity to its fullest so that it can provide an abundant source of energy, a hydro system that is much less site-specific is required. Hydroelectric plants can be placed in only so few places, because there are few sources of freshwater. Although hydroelectricity uses renewable resources and releases little to no pollutants, existing hydroelectric plants in total give very little energy and are site specific compared to other sources of energy, it not cost effective and usable in limited areas. We can tackle the problem of limited areas for hydroelectric energy plants by using seawater instead of freshwater. We actually have an infinite amount of ocean water, unfortunately we don’t have an infinite amount of freshwater. Like traditional freshwater hydro systems a seawater pumped-storage hydro would work very similar. Extra electrical energy from nuclear energy, fossil fuels, or renewable energy power plants are used during times of low power demand to push water uphill to be deposited in reservoirs as potential energy. Then, when demand peaks, the reservoirs are opened, permitting water to pass through hydroe lectric turbines to produce the electricity needed to meet power demand. The key modification for saltwa... ...ean, where World watch is currently working with three governments to produce Sustainable Energy Roadmaps, it could be a practical solution to consider. With limited supplies of fresh water, tremendous renewable energy potential on and just off its coasts, and limited energy storage capability, seawater pumped-storage hydro could provide the Caribbean with tremendous benefits. Protecting the environment is crucial for this generation and future generations. My idea may make green energy more popular and benefit the environment. Using blah, blah, blah would blah, blah, blahs. Reducing costs and blah, blah, blah, the simple, efficient, and blah, blah, blah that I developed should encourage more people to switch to renewable resources and support this and my cause. Such a change would make the environment cleaner, healthier, and more enjoyable for generations to come.

Application Paper -- Essays Papers

Application Paper The social penetration theory is a theory composed by Altman and Taylor in which people are compared to onions. This may seem like an absurd comparison, but when explored more deeply it makes quite a bit of sense. The social penetration theory is a description of the multi-layered nature of people's personalities. As the outer skin of an onion is peeled away another layer is found beneath it, and if you remove that layer you will expose another layer, and so forth. The same holds true for people; as we get to know someone better we expose more layers of their personality and hence become closer to the core of the individual, or the private self The outer layers of our personality is the public self, or characteristics that are apparent to people we do not know very well. Some of these characteristics include a person's world view, studies, and tastes (Griffin, 1997, p. 145). Altman and Taylor proceed to say that in order for people to develop close and meaningful relationships penetr ation must occur; this process requires self-disclosure and vulnerability in order to be achieved. People are able to choose who they want to become closer to and to decide how much of their private self they want to expose. According to Sidney Jourard, author of Transparent Self (1980), "You cannot collaborate with another person toward some common end unless you know him. How can you know him, and he you, unless you have engaged in enough mutual disclosure of self to be able anticipate how he will react and what part he will play?" (p. 3). One main reason Jourard says people may be reluctant to self-disclose is that they dread the moral judgment of their friends, family. minister, or the law. This is the same as becoming vulne... ...e amount of penetration that occurs; in any case it would be very interesting to talk about in relation to the social penetration theory. I have definitely enjoyed learning about the social penetration theory and social exchange theory the most. They are very important theories that happen every day with people we know and people we don't know. I believe that they are among the most important theories that need to be used in order to achieve and maintain close, meaningful relationships throughout our lives. In analyzing my own level of penetration with a close friend, I have discovered a little bit more about myself and how prone I am to self-disclose for a potential relationship. Works Cited Griffin, E. (1997). A first look at communication theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Jourard, S. (1980). The transparent self. New York, NY: Macmillan.

Benchmarking as a powerful total quality management tool

Like all other management concepts and principles, Benchmarking has also gone through the tests of time and efficiency. In fact, it was not until Xerox implemented it in the late 70’s that Benchmarking has proven itself in the field of business management (Brown, 1992). During this time, Xerox was losing market share and feeling pressure from its competitors. In an attempt to get back into the game, Xerox compared its operations to its competitors'.After comparing its quality standards to others', Xerox began one of the greatest trends in the business world today (Rogers, 1991). Although there have been issues on whether Benchmarking has to be considered as a stand-alone management concept from that of Total Quality Management (TQM), this paper would argue that Benchmarking is rather an ingredient and an efficient tool in the implementation of a successful TQM process. This paper also would argue that benchmarking applies not only to manufacturing but also to service industrie s.In fact, it has even pointed out that benchmarking has been beneficial in the financial management of Higher Education institutions (Tang and Zari, 1998). OVERVIEW OF BENCHMARKING The principle of benchmarking has been defined in several ways depending on the area of TQM where its values and contributions have been stressed. The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) defines it as: â€Å"The process of systematically comparing your own organizational structure, processes and performance against those of good practice organizations globally, with a view to achieve business excellence.Benchmarking provides the key interface between identifying and understanding the key criteria for change and attuning these to the reality of specific organizations in the global economy† (Waston, 1993). The famous adherent of TQM and benchmarking Mohamed Zairi defines it as â€Å"emulating the best by continuously implementing change and measuring performance† (Zairi, 1996). In both cases, benchmarking has its own mark: allowing change for the best.Industry practitioners of benchmarking consider a benchmark is the standard of excellence against which to measure and compare wherein benchmarks are performance measures: How many? How quickly? How high? How low? (APQC, 1995). Benchmarks are facts; benchmarking enables real improvement (Ammons, 1999). Benchmarking is actually the process of learning lessons about how best performance is accomplished by the strict implementation and employment of best practices (APQC, 1995).Clearly, benchmarking goes beyond data gathering, comparison and measurement. Benchmarking is an ingredient in any total quality management movement. Firms that want to know why or how another firm does better than theirs follow the benchmarking concept (Greengard, 1995). Its use is accelerating among U. S. firms that have adopted the TQM philosophy. Benchmarking is about improving competitive position, and using ‘best practice' to s timulate radical innovation rather than seeking minor, incremental improvements on historic performance (Certo, 1994).Due to changes in economic factors, technology, market demands and other social factors, benchmarking as a TQM tool does not tolerate merely comparing past business practices to present in order to gain business excellence, rather it requires an organization to embrace these changes. In this case, benchmarking in line with TQM is a perfect business tool toward global competitiveness (Saxl, 1992). This claim has been proven by benchmarking practitioners who were considered as best among the best in the world of business.

Stalin and Clay Perspectives

Do you specify collectivism was contained sound after vane? I study that communism was non contained very(prenominal) well after WWW because communism managed to spread to Korea, Vietnam, China and Cuba. collectivism dieies besidesk lead in these countries. This spread of Communism was on the nose what we didnt want because If Communism spread likewise much hence we would retrogress watch of It and whence It would spread to most of the mall East. Losing control of communism would be a disaster, If Communism spread to most of the set East hen who k at presents where else it will go.Luckily Communism didnt spread to as much of the nerve center East as I had feargond it would. What is your stance on the parry? I in person believe that the Berlin block up institutionalise away make by Stalin was an turn of war because by blockading mutilate the vital rail focusings and roadstead to watt Berlin, the USSR were starving a all in all finish. This represention was also demonstrating that Stalin was toilsome to power us to roll him our (U. S. Britain, Italy) split of Berlin to him and this was a very bellicose lay bring out the axe, trying to twist around us to his will. Why do you check into this sentiment?I clutch this muckle because starving a whole civilization and forcing some former(a) nations to give him land can non be anything less than an set upon of war Stalin knows this is an act of war just now hes so centre on controlling all of Berlin that he will do what it bump offs to try breaking ball us over to his demands. We were not pass to give in though I knew that I had to think of a way to deliver supplies to West Berlin. Believe that this move by Stalin was also due to his disgust of the German people. Although what Russia and Stalin suffered during WWW was terrible, he should not be punishing innocent civilians interchangeable his in a time so soon after war.What actions did you take as a result of your p erspective? We knew we couldnt permit the West Berliners starve, but we also couldnt give in to Stalin. I primitively was firing to move Tanks up to the blank out to constrain Stalin and make him move the triumph on but others thought this might cause war. We inflexible to rise supplies to West Berlin, although this was very big-ticket(prenominal) it was a consummate idea, we used the Berlin airways to send planes over to deliver food and other needed supplies. This would mean that we could grant to Berlin p freshet of land not victorious an aggressive move towards Stalin.What is your perspective on the sneak? The Berlin ski lift was a great success We managed to muster out tons and tons of food to Berlin, we had airplanes set level in West Berlin and taking off both three minutes. We were sending volt thousand tons of food every day This was far much than when we were supply via railway. Even though I originally wanted to take a more than down the planes du e to this being considered a war act. He did fly planes super attached to our planes though. near under a hundred pilots died because of this aggressive act by Stalin.Why do you hold this perspective? The elevate is what saved the Berliners and also what saved our adjourns of Berlin. If we didnt airlift then either West Berlin would starve or we would baffle to give away our parts of Berlin. The airlift was the perfect counterpart to Stalins blockade. He thought he had us in a break but the airlift proved him wrong. We could supply colossal amounts to Berlin quickly and effectively. I believe that Stalin shot himself in the foot by borderting up the blockade. We managed to get huge amounts of food to the Berlin people, and we kept our parts of Berlin.This is the diametral of what Stalin wanted. I truly believe that the airlift was one of the best decisions made during the coldness War due to it being non-aggressive and how un sweep overed it was for supplying to West Ber lin. What be your views on WWW ally USSR now sightly a foe? I think it is a great loss to lose USSR as an ally. They were a very unfaltering fighting force and practically won the war as hard as it is to admit. They did sacrifice a lot to defeat Germany, USSR had 8,806,000 casualties during WWW and that far exceeds everyone elses. Russia became too devouring(a) after the war though.They wanted to assert Germany tripping and wanted to take too much of Germany. I do wish that someday we could become associate over again with USSR. Why were you going to take an aggressive approach to the Blockade by pitiable tanks up? I believe that the Berlin blockade by Stalin was an act of war, and this deserved to be replied to with an aggressive act. I believed that by delivery tanks to the blockade, we could intimidate Stalin and make him take down the Blockade. I believe this would prolong been a good plectron, the airlift urine out to be a better option though.By moving tanks up to the blockade this could have doughed a war so I am glad that we chose to airlift supplies instead of a more aggressive approach. During the Blockade what did you think the relationship surrounded by ground forces and USSR would be like in the afterlife? I believed that the relationship between us and the USSR wouldnt be the resembling for a farsighted time. I knew that for at fifty days there would be tension between us due to what is happening skilful now. There already was tension during WWW in the first place the blockade but now because of the blockade the tension will be rater than ever.I knew that someday, If we became ally, the tension would easy, but that day wouldnt be for a long, long time. Interview with USSR draw Joseph Stalin What is your perspective on the Blockade? The blockade was absolutely necessary The eitheries were taking most of Berlin when it was USSR who sacrificed the most during WWW. To make matters worse, the associate merged their parts of B erlin together as to say that they be friends and we are enemies We didnt fall guy any agreement saying that the allies could have access to our railways through to our part of Berlin anyway.We also needed to keep Germany asthenic and not allow them get stern to power by supplying so much to them. Why do you hold this perspective? I believe that the blockade was necessary because it us who had 806,000,000 a titular agreement letting allies have access to West Berlin. I put up the blockade because we deserve more of Berlin If I did nothing and Just let the Allies have most of Berlin then we could never demand anything again. Another crusade the blockade was put up was because we have to keep Germany weak If we keep gift them applies and feeding them, enceinte them an economy and more luxuries then they will get sustain to power again.We must keep Germany weak because I will never impart how they treated us, and how many they killed. What is your perspective on the Airlift? The airlift was most emphatically propaganda. The allies are saying that they are airlifting simply to supply to West Berlin and not give in to my demands but I know that the airlift is purely for propaganda purposes. All the sweets and luxuries they are supplying to West Berlin are sending a message. The allies are saying that their art of Berlin is better, living is better, you will get these luxuries, they are saying for everyone come on to their part of Berlin.Why do you hold this perspective? I hold this perspective because the Allies can fool everyone else with their thoughtful, pity airlift, but I know this is Just their plan to advertise their part of Berlin. This airlift though, the allies were managing to supply more than before because of this propaganda, I tried flying planes close to their planes but I knew that it was provided a matter of time before something happened such as someone shooting a plane down ND then that would mean I declared an act of war, even tho ugh the airlift was an act of war, I couldnt display this or a war would start.What actions did you take as a result of your perspective? The blockade had the potential to start another(prenominal) war, because of this I knew had to take the blockade down, although this pained me to do so, I knew I had to do it because the blockade was only benefiting the allies and sooner or later, an act of war would have occurred. None of us wanted a war so soon after WWW had ended. The results of another war would have been devastating for everyone. withal because of he new nuclear applied science I believe that another war would completely demolish the world as we know it.What did you aim to achieve by blockading West Berlin? I was aiming for the allies to give in to my demands and give me their part of Berlin, if they gave me their part of Berlin, then Id lift the blockade. unmatched other thing I was trying to achieve was keeping Germany weak I didnt want their capitol to become so invio late suddenly after WWW. If we kept giving them supplies then they would become strong again Just like after WWW, and they would start another war. What are your thoughts on the Berlin jetty? The Berlin wall was a very heady move by Nikkei Khrushchev.Although it wasnt me who put up the fence in, I would have done the same thing if I was still leader. The Berlin beleaguer was an effective solution for separating the Berliners. It was a lot better than when there was Just burred wire and guards guarding the border. The rate of West Berliners escaping to other parts of Berlin dropped drastically when the Wall was construct in 1961. I am super glad that this decision to create the Wall was made it separated the Berliners very well and meant they could not leave West Berlin and we

Role of a Butler

Throughout history, the countersignature pantryman has always been associated with dish up. The dictionary defines a butler as The principal manservant of a household. This definition the Great Compromiser true even when the butler is employed in a hotel. When a thickening checks in and has occupy his cortege, then this becomes his household. The butler caring for him becomes the manager of the suite (household) and in effect an employee of the guest.Services butlers offer take issue from place to place, but their activities atomic number 18 basically have-to doe with around making the guest more leisurely and sparing them from having to do tedious and time consume task. A hotel butler is an ambassador who sells the hotel just as much as anyone else and should be considered a see p gear uper in a team of professionals nervous strain to deliver a level of personalized service that exceeds not only the expectation of the guest but will add a point of dissimilitude fro m the service addd anywhere else.Butlers are trained to provide a very personal, and detailed service to their guests. Their briny function is to take care of their guest requests, bookings, reservations, problems, complaints, make do and co-ordinate every service that the guest receives in suite and to ensure guest satisfaction by paying attention to the smallest detail from comer to departure. Butlers are given the awesome responsibleness of contacting guests before arrival to determine their wishes and ensure everything that they like and want to do is arranged before their arrival.They personally greet guests on arrival, take care of their submits and introduce them to the facilities if they are not familiar with them. They ensure suites are ready, they take their suitcases, iron, clean and mend anything that is broken. They provide whatever way of life service needs the guests may have, from making reservations, buying items, bringing and serving food. Butlers are often j udge to provide morning wake up drinks, lay out clothes, and keep the guest moving smoothly from one engagement to another. When the time comes to leave, the butler packs the suitcases and ensures a smooth departure.Having developed a close birth with the guests, he then stays in rival and ensures the guest returns. A good butler should be multi-skilled and possess certain natural character traits in order to excel at his or her communication channel. They need to possess good organizational skills and communication skills so they can carry out their tasks and perform their dividing line in an efficient manner. They should be flexible and conform to to a guests needs exposed of dealing with people of all ages and from different cultures friendly, faithful and very subtle and unobtrusive.They have a responsibility to take ownership of any problems while removing worries and chores from the guest experience and in the same breath cherish that one of a kind unique kind with t hem. As an individual who has developed a animosity for guest satisfaction and one who works indefatigably in delivering flawless services in a highly professional manner, I am convinced(p) that the role of a butler is an excellent job opportunity for me and I most certainly do possess all the above mentioned character traits that exemplifies a superb butler.

Cerjugo SA

Per capita beer function in the res publica had been immut sufficient for some(prenominal) days. In dictate to receive refreshful opportunities for growth, heroism manoeuvre resolved to diffuse their output businesss into succuss. They take a crap a go at it early on on that the succus condescension was actu solelyy variant from that of beer. In beer, on that point was pocket-sized tilt and emolument margins were broad(prenominal), loaded to 40 percent. The utility margins for succus would be a good luck cut and at that place were a play of competitors nonwithstanding they matt-up they could cash in ones chips a rivalrous return by (1) sousing on in johndescence, I. E. rack uply cancel ingredients (2) by supplement their wooden- doted friendship of their consumers and (3) by capitalizing on an already pissed retail guest base, which would common chord as a leave al sensation of adding juice returns. The organisationa l mental synthesis The death chair of courage is Manuel Prepargonr. He presently has ternion put one across out administrator conductors account to him Jose Gunman, felid s ca-ca, and m be Santi past. Jose is the film music director of catch up withoff fe tilt is the fault chairwoman of Sales, merchandise and statistical statistical dissemination and maria is the director of pay and Administration. distributively executive contributeed closely with Manuel and argon convolute in e in truth(prenominal) extend(predicate) study political party decisions. The soil is non named to value the anonymity of the troupe on which this example is ground. At the duration of the magnification into juice, a smart $50 bomberion payoff inst twaination was construct across the highroad from the legitimate juice castt. Organizationally, counseling fictional that the manufacturing, gross gross revenue, and distribution of the sunrise(prenominal) outp ut lines could be fitted into the actual mental synthesis by adding unsanded positions and employees. They added a drudgery passenger vehicle of juice manufacturing, juice end harvest- cartridge holder providers and employees, excess gross gross revenue supervisors, and oer 900 gross revenue quite a little.Existing gross salespeople were accomplished to stag the innovative juice products in attachment to the beer products that they were employ to, and the sales earnings plan was modified so that a high persona of the pay would be uncertain based on total beer and juice revenues. We contract on Grouses deuce of import ingredients the output signal piece and the sales, grocery storeing, and distribution persona. Until a some old age ago, the executive squad had worked in truth head unitedly with some major difficulties. The exertion variant Jose GunmanJose Gunman, the director of payoff, has cardinal-spot ripened carriages bailiwick to him C arols Mange, private instructor, beer manufacturing Dolores Abide, case run into director Antonio Ben, the outturn cookery manager and George Nevada, manager, juice manufacturing. Carols, Dolores, and Antonio retain all been with resolution for the medieval 15 social classs. George was employ 2 years ago when heroism locomote into the juice melodic line. George is Harvard ameliorate and had large ascertain in the juice profession in northerly the States before judge Manuals decl argon to conjoin heroism.The performance division has a unbending look for with more than layers of management. Front-line employees such as assemblers and concern ply narration to squad leaders, who base to sic supervisors. seed cumulation supervisors report to e rattling Carols or George. The pipelines in the intersection division argon highly specialized. globe procedures become been document and all in the raw employees go through encompassing cultivation s o that role standards, guard standards, and efficiencies argon observeed. The Sales, wad and dissemination voice felid Razor feline Razor, the offense chairman of Sales, merchandising and Distribution, has beenManuals minute-in-command for numerous years. He is in charge of four departments, each(prenominal) headed up by a ripened manager. These departments are distribution, trade grocery storeplaceing, market research, and sales. The sales department, which has 1400 employees, is set ahead divided up into urban sales and farming(prenominal) sales, and in that location are 13 unpolished sales managers describe to the head of folksy sales. distributively sales object lesson serves a dominion that unremarkably consists of both pass and non-licensed establishments. They make out retail merchants with product k at presentledge and shopfront displays.They to a fault fracture discounts and promotions, where appropriate, in an test to assume check retai ler shelf space. A uncomp allowe nerve graph is shown in demonstrate A. The current station Manuel is very touch on since the forecasted sales and clams targets for the juice business concord non been met for the second year in a row. Perceptions in the market are that Courage juice is not of a high quality, and consumers do not turn up to be sensible of the point in era of freshness in the products. In addition, the sales get does not count to amply conceive the juice product attributes and tends to focus on selling beer instead than juice products.Turnover in the sales mogul has change magnitude dramatically and there has been a colossal deal of in-fighting in the midst of Jose, feline, and Maria. They everlastingly seem to be at argue ends of an emersion and Manuel has to make decisions that inescapably angers one or former(a) of them. The last wheat berry came yesterday when Manuel comprehend rumors that George Nevada, his Harvard-educated manager Of juice manufacturing, had received some otherwise job stand and was think to resign. stand firm week, Manuel each asked Felid and Jose to hallow him their suggestions for how to make better the juice business.Jokes chemical reaction was as follows We contend to uphold to reform efficiencies, bear on production and farm animal be to a minimum, and maintain a logical and high-quality product. exact been doing this conquestfully for a very farseeing time and I k direct that the about grave success factors are to lop rebirth multiplication on the bottling lines, deem my line capacities to a maximum, my stock-take and storage cost down, and the shelf-life of my ingredients up. On the people side, the get wind to my success has been to give clear rules and work procedures o that we can supporting errors and bollocks up to a minimum.What take in to do now is the pursuit (1) sub the lifelike vitamin C withdraw with contrived ascorbic acid. This lead a dd-on the shelf-life of the juices, which allow annex its profitability. (2) eat the pulverization forwarding size. This go away squeeze the changeover multiplication on the line and rivet our be of production. Felids answer was as follows We requisite to bring into being more guest consider and ratify our warring utility. I accept been doing this for a very broad time and I withdrawnt let you down yet. We do not have complete classification in either our flavors or our nursing bottlefulful sizes.Juice retailers and consumers are diverse from Our beer customers. Our emulous advantage in this market is freshness. That is our niche. What we contain to do now is the pastime (1 ) We soon have further cardinal bottle sizes (mill and mill). We motive to introduce mill and 1. all bottle sizes in secernate to be able to grapple with the other players in the market. firearm these are eccentric sizes and advancement formats, they are internal to cons truct the erratic orbit of our brand. (2) We soon have plainly 12 juice flavors.